{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T19:38:07Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 4,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T11:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:38:11+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:54+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q14196",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.afrikaans",
    "name": "Afrikaans",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.4",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "INF.MED"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q14196/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.afrikaans",
    "name": "Afrikaans",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain Afrikaans, relay history, varieties, grammar and status from linguistic and South African sources with attribution, describe the varieties the registry aliases name, and distinguish Afrikaans from Dutch, Flemish and South African English, presenting its contested political history neutrally.",
    "definition": "A West Germanic language that developed from the Dutch vernacular of the Cape Colony in southern Africa, with influences from Malay, Portuguese, Khoekhoe and Bantu languages, an official language of South Africa and a recognised national language in Namibia, spoken as a first language by several million people of diverse backgrounds, with regional varieties such as Kaaps in the Cape, Orange River Afrikaans and Eastern Cape Afrikaans, and Namibian Afrikaans; its history is linked both to Afrikaner nationalism and apartheid-era language policy and to the speech of Coloured communities who shaped it.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Communication among its speakers.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain history and features",
      "relay varieties and status",
      "describe named dialects",
      "distinguish related languages"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Derived from Dutch",
      "Simplified verb morphology",
      "Double negation",
      "Multiethnic speaker base"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not a visible object; spoken and written in Latin script.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "West Germanic language of southern Africa",
      "Kaaps, Orange River Afrikaans, Eastern Cape Afrikaans, Namibian Afrikaans",
      "Dutch is the parent language; Flemish is Belgian Dutch; South African English is a separate language"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "first-language speakers",
        "typical_range": "about 7 million",
        "unit": "people",
        "note": "2011 South African census, about 6.9 million"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "official status in South Africa",
        "typical_range": "1925",
        "unit": "year",
        "note": "replacing Dutch"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "ISO 639-1",
        "typical_range": "af",
        "unit": "code",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "quantity": "ISO 639-3",
        "typical_range": "afr",
        "unit": "code",
        "note": ""
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "Cape varieties including Kaaps",
      "Orange River Afrikaans",
      "Eastern Border or Eastern Cape Afrikaans",
      "Namibian Afrikaans",
      "standard Afrikaans"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "Low Franconian languages",
        "why": "in registry terms"
      },
      {
        "relation": "derives from",
        "target": "Dutch",
        "why": ""
      },
      {
        "relation": "is spoken in",
        "target": "South Africa",
        "why": "and Namibia"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is contrasted with",
        "target": "South African English",
        "why": ""
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "ISO 639-3",
        "value_or_pattern": "afr",
        "note": ""
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Constitution of South Africa on official languages",
      "Die Afrikaanse Woordelys en Spelreels as the spelling reference"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Equating Afrikaans only with Afrikaners",
      "Partisan framing of apartheid-era language policy",
      "Treating Kaaps as incorrect Afrikaans"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain Afrikaans, its history and its speakers, noting that many speakers are not white.",
        "Translate to and from Afrikaans and flag uncertain translations."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Equate Afrikaans only with Afrikaners or with apartheid.",
        "Frame apartheid-era language policy in a partisan or minimising way.",
        "Confuse Afrikaans with Dutch."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Choosing the language of instruction or official communication for a community."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Language policy was part of apartheid oppression, including the 1976 Soweto uprising.",
        "Many communities, including Coloured South Africans, speak Afrikaans as their own language."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Afrikaans speakers",
        "People affected by apartheid language policy",
        "Learners"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns the language; it belongs to its speakers and is official in South Africa.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q14196: Afrikaans",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14196",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Afrikaans",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaans",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What Afrikaans is.",
        "rationale": "Attribution.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "definition",
            "name": "Definition",
            "description": "Definition.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "definition-finding",
                "name": "Definition",
                "description": "Definition.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is Afrikaans, and how does it differ from Dutch, Flemish and South African English?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the question about the language, a variety, history, politics or learning it?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "varieties",
            "name": "Varieties",
            "description": "Named varieties.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "varieties-finding",
                "name": "Varieties",
                "description": "Varieties.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are Kaaps, Orange River Afrikaans, Eastern Cape Afrikaans and Namibian Afrikaans?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the specific variety?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "linguistics",
        "name": "Linguistics",
        "description": "Linguistic features.",
        "rationale": "Sources.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "grammar",
            "name": "Grammar",
            "description": "Grammar.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "grammar-finding",
                "name": "Grammar",
                "description": "Grammar.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does Afrikaans grammar differ from Dutch, including verb forms and double negation?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "origins",
            "name": "Origins",
            "description": "Origins.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "origins-finding",
                "name": "Origins",
                "description": "Origins.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did Malay, Portuguese, Khoekhoe and Bantu contact shape Afrikaans, as scholars describe?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which sources are cited?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "history",
        "name": "History",
        "description": "Politics and status.",
        "rationale": "Attribution.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "politics",
            "name": "Politics",
            "description": "Language politics.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "politics-finding",
                "name": "Politics",
                "description": "Politics.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How was Afrikaans tied to Afrikaner nationalism and apartheid policy, and what was the 1976 Soweto uprising about, with perspectives attributed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the presentation neutral and attributed?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "status",
            "name": "Status",
            "description": "Official status.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "status-finding",
                "name": "Status",
                "description": "Status.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the status of Afrikaans in South African and Namibian law and education today?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits languages of South Africa?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "context",
        "name": "Context",
        "description": "Culture.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "literature",
            "name": "Literature",
            "description": "Literature and media.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "literature-finding",
                "name": "Literature",
                "description": "Literature.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are notable works of Afrikaans literature and music?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits Afrikaans literature?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "arabic",
            "name": "Script history",
            "description": "Arabic Afrikaans.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "arabic-finding",
                "name": "Script history",
                "description": "Script history.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What were early Afrikaans texts written in Arabic script by Cape Muslims?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits Cape Malay?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should Kaaps be a separate primary entry?",
    "How should linguistic and South African sources be linked?",
    "How should language policy debates in education be presented?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}