{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T01:42:35Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:50:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:51:34+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:54+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q14620",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.optics",
    "name": "optics",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "INF.KNW"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q14620/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.optics",
    "name": "optics",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain optics and its branches and principles, support solving optical problems and understanding devices, describe applications, and support learning.",
    "definition": "The branch of physics studying light and its interactions with matter, including its generation, propagation, reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference and polarisation, in fields such as classical geometrical and physical optics, dioptrics, colour science, astronomical optics, fibre optic technology, nano-optics and quantum optics; optics underlies lenses, imaging, lasers, communications and vision science, and is applied across industry and medicine.",
    "what_it_is_for": "The physics of light.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain branches and principles",
      "support problem solving",
      "describe applications",
      "support learning"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Light behaviour",
      "Multiple branches",
      "Wave and particle descriptions",
      "Broad application"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not physical; a field with lenses, lasers and instruments.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Study of light and its interactions",
      "Geometrical, physical, quantum",
      "Photonics emphasises technology; vision science studies perception"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "geometrical optics and dioptrics",
      "physical and wave optics",
      "quantum optics",
      "colour science and vision optics",
      "applied optics such as fibre optics, astronomical optics and nano-optics"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "natural science",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "incidence",
        "why": "light striking surfaces"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "line",
        "why": "spectral lines"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "illumination unit",
        "why": "measuring light"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Optical measurement and component standards",
      "Laser safety standards",
      "Colour standards"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Laser and bright light eye injuries",
      "Misapplying ray optics where wave effects matter",
      "Confusing optics with photonics or vision"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain optical principles such as reflection, refraction and diffraction with sources.",
        "Calculate lens, imaging or fibre parameters for designs the user owns.",
        "State when ray optics is an approximation and wave or quantum effects matter."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Help aim lasers or bright light sources at people's eyes, aircraft or vehicles.",
        "Present results from a simplified optical model as exact where safety depends on them.",
        "Advise operating lasers above safe exposure limits without the protection and controls required.",
        "Confuse optics, photonics and human vision in technical claims."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Approving optical designs used in medical, aviation or safety-critical equipment.",
        "Operating high-power lasers or light sources near people."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Optical knowledge enables imaging and communication but also surveillance at a distance.",
        "Eye injuries from lasers are permanent and often affect bystanders, not the operator."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "People exposed to lasers or bright light",
        "Pilots and drivers",
        "Students and engineers"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns the field; it is held in common by the scientific community.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q14620: optics",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Optics",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optics",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "Principles of optics.",
        "rationale": "Physics.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "principles",
            "name": "Principles",
            "description": "Core principles.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "principles-finding",
                "name": "Principles",
                "description": "Principles.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference and polarisation describe light, and when are ray and wave models appropriate?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which branch of optics applies here?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "branches",
            "name": "Branches",
            "description": "Branches.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "branches-finding",
                "name": "Branches",
                "description": "Branches.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do geometrical, physical, quantum, colour, astronomical, fibre and nano-optics differ?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific branch?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "solve",
        "name": "Solve",
        "description": "Problems and devices.",
        "rationale": "Practice.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "problems",
            "name": "Problems",
            "description": "Solving optical problems.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "problems-finding",
                "name": "Problems",
                "description": "Problems.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is this lens, mirror or interference problem solved?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific device?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "devices",
            "name": "Devices",
            "description": "Optical devices.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "devices-finding",
                "name": "Devices",
                "description": "Devices.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do cameras, microscopes, telescopes, lasers and optical fibres work?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which safety rules apply to lasers?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "apply",
        "name": "Apply",
        "description": "Applications.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "industry",
            "name": "Industry",
            "description": "Industry and communications.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "industry-finding",
                "name": "Industry",
                "description": "Industry.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is optics applied in communications, manufacturing, medicine and displays?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits photonics?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "science",
            "name": "Science",
            "description": "Optics in science.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "science-finding",
                "name": "Science",
                "description": "Science.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does optics enable astronomy, spectroscopy and imaging science?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which findings are notable?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "History and teaching.",
        "rationale": "Education.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History of optics.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did optics develop from Euclid, Ibn al-Haytham and Newton to Maxwell and quantum optics?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "teach",
            "name": "Teach",
            "description": "Teaching.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "teach-finding",
                "name": "Teach",
                "description": "Teaching.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can optics be taught with experiments?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which misconceptions arise?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should each branch be a separate entry?",
    "How should standards be linked?",
    "How should textbooks be linked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}