{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T20:28:17Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 3,
    "engine": "claude"
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q154507",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.speleothem",
    "name": "speleothem",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.3",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.PLC"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q154507/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.speleothem",
    "name": "speleothem",
    "purpose": "Let an agent identify speleothem types, explain how they form and what they record, relay conservation and cave access rules, and separate speleothems from other cave features and from mineral deposits outside caves.",
    "definition": "A mineral deposit formed in a cave by the precipitation of minerals from dripping, flowing or pooled water, most often calcium carbonate: stalactites, stalagmites, columns, flowstone, draperies, rimstone dams, helictites, cave pearls and coralloids; speleothems grow slowly, record past climate in their layers, and are protected in many caves.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Not for anything; natural cave formations, valued for science and beauty.",
    "affordances": [
      "identify types from form and setting",
      "explain formation and growth rates",
      "explain their use as climate archives",
      "relay conservation and access rules"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Secondary mineral deposits in caves",
      "Shape follows water movement",
      "Layered growth recording climate",
      "Fragile and slow to regrow"
    ],
    "appearance": "Mineral formations hanging from ceilings, rising from floors or coating walls, in white, cream, brown or coloured bands.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Formed by mineral precipitation in caves",
      "Types by shape: stalactite, stalagmite, flowstone, helictite, pearl",
      "Cave ice and clastic sediments are not speleothems"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "growth rate",
        "typical_range": "about 0.01-1",
        "unit": "mm per year",
        "note": "varies widely"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "main mineral",
        "typical_range": "calcite or aragonite",
        "unit": "mineral",
        "note": "others occur"
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "dripstone: stalactites, stalagmites and columns",
      "flowstone and draperies",
      "rimstone dams and pools",
      "helictites and anemolites",
      "cave pearls and coralloids",
      "shields and moonmilk"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "geological structure",
        "why": "a mineral deposit"
      },
      {
        "relation": "forms in",
        "target": "cave",
        "why": "the setting"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is made of",
        "target": "calcite",
        "why": "the usual mineral"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is used in",
        "target": "palaeoclimatology",
        "why": "as a climate archive"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Cave protection laws and national park rules",
      "Show cave management guidelines",
      "Permit systems for scientific sampling"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Breakage and theft by visitors",
      "Damage from lighting, algae and altered humidity in show caves",
      "Contamination of climate records by poor sampling"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": []
  },
  "sources": [],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "identify",
        "name": "Identify",
        "description": "Which type.",
        "rationale": "Identity.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "type",
            "name": "Type",
            "description": "Type and form.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "type-finding",
                "name": "Type",
                "description": "Type.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What type of speleothem is it, and what features identify it?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the feature a speleothem or another cave deposit?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "mineral",
            "name": "Mineral",
            "description": "Mineralogy.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "mineral-finding",
                "name": "Mineral",
                "description": "Mineral.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What mineral is it made of, and how is that determined?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the mineral?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "form",
        "name": "Form",
        "description": "Formation and growth.",
        "rationale": "Process.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "process",
            "name": "Process",
            "description": "Precipitation.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "process-finding",
                "name": "Process",
                "description": "Process.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do dripping and flowing water deposit minerals, and what controls the shape?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits karst processes?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "rate",
            "name": "Rate",
            "description": "Growth rates.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "rate-finding",
                "name": "Rate",
                "description": "Rate.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How fast do speleothems grow, and how is age determined?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "science",
        "name": "Science",
        "description": "Climate archives.",
        "rationale": "Research.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "archives",
            "name": "Archives",
            "description": "Palaeoclimate.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "archives-finding",
                "name": "Archives",
                "description": "Archives.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do speleothem layers and isotopes record past climate?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits palaeoclimatology?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "sampling",
            "name": "Sampling",
            "description": "Sampling ethics.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "sampling-finding",
                "name": "Sampling",
                "description": "Sampling.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What rules and ethics govern sampling speleothems?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which permits are required?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "protect",
        "name": "Protect",
        "description": "Conservation and visiting.",
        "rationale": "Conservation.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "conservation",
            "name": "Conservation",
            "description": "Protection.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "conservation-finding",
                "name": "Conservation",
                "description": "Conservation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are speleothems protected, and what damages them?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits cave conservation?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "visiting",
            "name": "Visiting",
            "description": "Show caves.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "visiting-finding",
                "name": "Visiting",
                "description": "Visiting.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are show caves managed to limit damage, and what rules apply to visitors?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits show caves?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should each speleothem type be a separate entry?",
    "How should cave protection law be linked by country?",
    "The registry entry has merged aliases naming specific types; should they be split off?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}