{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-10-21T18:41:55Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "researched by Claude against the sources listed below", "pass": 2, "wave": 5, "engine": "claude", "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-21T18:47:45+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "6 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q1577013", "registryId": "vr.tr.reinforced-concrete-construction", "name": "reinforced concrete construction", "version": "0.2.0-wave.5", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.BLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1577013/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.reinforced-concrete-construction", "name": "reinforced concrete construction", "purpose": "Let an agent describe a reinforced concrete structure by its elements, materials, design code, durability and condition, and route safety questions to a qualified engineer.", "definition": "Building with concrete that contains embedded steel reinforcement, usually bars or mesh, so that the steel carries tension and the concrete carries compression; the term covers both the method and structures built with it, including watertight basement boxes.", "what_it_is_for": "Building frames, slabs, foundations, walls, bridges and tanks that need strength in both tension and compression at low cost.", "affordances": [ "identify the structural system and elements", "read the design code and exposure class", "record inspection findings such as cracks and corrosion", "estimate remaining service life with an engineer" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Reinforcement is embedded so that it acts together with the concrete, whether the element is cast in place or precast.", "Prestressed concrete tensions the steel before load; ordinary reinforced concrete does not.", "Plain concrete without reinforcement cannot carry significant tension.", "Surface appearance alone cannot show the reinforcement layout or the capacity." ], "appearance": "Grey concrete surfaces, often with formwork marks; reinforcement is usually concealed and shows only at damage, connections or unfinished work.", "visual_identification": [ "Cast concrete elements with visible formwork joints", "Exposed rusted bars where concrete has spalled", "Monolithic connections between beams, columns and slabs" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "concrete compressive strength", "typical_range": "20-50", "unit": "MPa", "note": "characteristic cylinder strength at 28 days for common structural classes" }, { "quantity": "density", "typical_range": "2400-2500", "unit": "kg/m3", "note": "normal-weight reinforced concrete" }, { "quantity": "reinforcing steel yield strength", "typical_range": "400-600", "unit": "MPa", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "nominal concrete cover", "typical_range": "20-75", "unit": "mm", "note": "set by exposure, bond, fire resistance, tolerances and design life" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "cast-in-place frames", "precast reinforced concrete", "flat slabs", "shear walls", "foundations and piles", "watertight concrete basements", "reinforced concrete bridges" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is made of", "target": "concrete", "why": "matrix material" }, { "relation": "is made of", "target": "rebar", "why": "reinforcement" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "prestressed concrete", "why": "different method of using steel" }, { "relation": "is regulated by", "target": "building code", "why": "design and execution rules" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "EN 206 exposure class", "value_or_pattern": "X0, XC1-XC4, XD1-XD3, XS1-XS3, XF1-XF4, XA1-XA3", "note": "record the edition and national provisions" }, { "scheme": "concrete strength class", "value_or_pattern": "C25/30 style", "note": "cylinder/cube characteristic strength in MPa per EN 206" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "EN 1992 Eurocode 2 design of concrete structures (CEN), with the National Annex of the country", "ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (American Concrete Institute)", "EN 206 concrete specification (CEN)", "EN 13670 execution of concrete structures (CEN)", "Standards bind only where adopted by law; record the edition and jurisdiction" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Corrosion of reinforcement from carbonation or chlorides, causing spalling", "Insufficient cover or poor compaction", "Cracking from shrinkage, overload or settlement", "Shear, punching, bond or anchorage failure", "Excessive long-term deflection from creep", "Fire spalling at high temperature" ], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "explain how reinforced concrete works", "record and classify visible defects from an inspection report" ], "must_not": [ "declare a structure safe or unsafe without a qualified engineer", "advise cutting or drilling through structural elements without design checks", "invent design values or code clauses" ], "requires_human": [ "any decision on load changes, repair or demolition" ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "public safety of occupants and users", "embodied carbon of cement" ], "affected_parties": [ "occupants and users of structures", "workers on site" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "the building owner, with the designer and authority having jurisdiction", "master_systems": [ "building permit records", "as-built drawings and inspection reports" ] }, "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [ { "id": "SRC-001", "title": "Q1577013", "publisher": "Wikidata", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1577013", "what_it_supports": "identity of the registry item, labels and sitelinks", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "SRC-002", "title": "What is reinforced concrete?", "publisher": "American Concrete Institute", "url": "https://www.concrete.org/frequentlyaskedquestions/faqid/665.aspx", "what_it_supports": "embedded reinforcement and composite action", "url_status": "unverified" }, { "id": "SRC-003", "title": "Reinforced concrete vs. prestressed concrete", "publisher": "American Concrete Institute", "url": "https://www.concrete.org/frequentlyaskedquestions.aspx?faqid=667", "what_it_supports": "difference from prestressed concrete", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "SRC-004", "title": "Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures", "publisher": "European Commission Joint Research Centre", "url": "https://eurocodes.jrc.ec.europa.eu/EN-Eurocodes/eurocode-2-design-concrete-structures", "what_it_supports": "scope of EN 1992 and related standards", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "SRC-005", "title": "Eurocode 2: Background and Applications", "publisher": "European Commission Joint Research Centre", "url": "https://eurocodes.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2022-06/1110_WS_EC2.pdf", "what_it_supports": "strength classes, exposure, cover, durability and failure modes", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "SRC-006", "title": "ACI 318 Building Code Portal", "publisher": "American Concrete Institute", "url": "https://www.concrete.org/topicsinconcrete/318buildingcodeportal.aspx", "what_it_supports": "ACI 318 scope", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "SRC-007", "title": "Reinforced concrete", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforced_concrete", "what_it_supports": "general description", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "structural-system", "name": "Structural system", "description": "What the structure is and how it carries load.", "rationale": "Every question starts from elements and load paths.", "layers": [ { "id": "elements", "name": "Elements", "description": "Beams, columns, slabs, walls and foundations.", "findings": [ { "id": "element-inventory", "name": "Element inventory", "description": "The elements and their roles.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which elements carry the loads in this structure?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Are they cast in place or precast?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "design-basis", "name": "Design basis", "description": "Code, loads and design life.", "findings": [ { "id": "design-code", "name": "Design code", "description": "The code and classes used.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which design code and edition applied?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What design working life and loads were assumed?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "materials", "name": "Materials", "description": "Concrete and steel properties.", "rationale": "Strength and durability depend on both.", "layers": [ { "id": "concrete", "name": "Concrete", "description": "Mix, strength and exposure.", "findings": [ { "id": "strength-and-class", "name": "Strength and class", "description": "Specified and tested strength.", "questions": [ { "text": "What strength class was specified and achieved?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which exposure class applies?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reinforcement", "name": "Reinforcement", "description": "Bars, mesh and cover.", "findings": [ { "id": "steel-and-cover", "name": "Steel and cover", "description": "Grade, layout and cover depth.", "questions": [ { "text": "What steel grade and bar layout were used?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Is the concrete cover adequate for the exposure?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "durability-and-condition", "name": "Durability and condition", "description": "How the structure ages.", "rationale": "Corrosion is the main long-term failure.", "layers": [ { "id": "deterioration", "name": "Deterioration", "description": "Carbonation, chlorides, freeze-thaw.", "findings": [ { "id": "corrosion-state", "name": "Corrosion state", "description": "Evidence and extent of corrosion.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is there carbonation or chloride at the bar depth?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Where is spalling or rust staining visible?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] }, { "id": "inspection", "name": "Inspection", "description": "Records of condition.", "findings": [ { "id": "inspection-record", "name": "Inspection record", "description": "Findings, dates and inspector.", "questions": [ { "text": "When was the structure last inspected and by whom?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which defects need action now?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "construction-and-execution", "name": "Construction and execution", "description": "How it was built.", "rationale": "Execution quality decides real performance.", "layers": [ { "id": "site-execution", "name": "Site execution", "description": "Formwork, placing and curing.", "findings": [ { "id": "execution-quality", "name": "Execution quality", "description": "Compaction, curing and tolerances.", "questions": [ { "text": "Was the concrete compacted and cured as specified?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Were cover and bar positions checked before casting?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "watertightness", "name": "Watertightness", "description": "Basements and tanks as watertight boxes.", "findings": [ { "id": "water-resistance", "name": "Water resistance", "description": "Crack width limits and joints.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the basement designed as a watertight concrete box?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How are joints sealed?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "safety-and-change", "name": "Safety and change", "description": "Altering or repairing a structure.", "rationale": "Changes without design checks cause collapses.", "layers": [ { "id": "alterations", "name": "Alterations", "description": "Openings, added loads, change of use.", "findings": [ { "id": "change-control", "name": "Change control", "description": "Who approves alterations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this change need a structural engineer and permit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "What load can the element take now?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] }, { "id": "repair", "name": "Repair", "description": "Repair and strengthening methods.", "findings": [ { "id": "repair-method", "name": "Repair method", "description": "Patch repair, cathodic protection, strengthening.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which repair method suits this damage?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "What standard governs the repair?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should the method and the structures built with it be separate entries?", "How should the watertight basement sense merged into this entry be shown?", "The registry's Wikidata description does not describe this subject and should be corrected." ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 10, "questions": 20 } }