{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T21:24:54Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 3,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T10:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:02:16+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:54+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q1617",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.urdu",
    "name": "Urdu",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.3",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "INF.MED"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1617/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.urdu",
    "name": "Urdu",
    "purpose": "Let an agent describe Urdu as a language with its script, varieties, status and history, relay codes and speaker figures from linguistic and official sources, present the Hindi-Urdu relationship and its politics with attribution, and route learning and translation questions to resources.",
    "definition": "An Indo-Aryan language of South Asia, the national language of Pakistan and an official language in several Indian states, written in the Perso-Arabic Nastaliq script and closely related to Hindi, with which it shares grammar and everyday vocabulary as forms of Hindustani, differing in script and in learned vocabulary drawn from Persian and Arabic; Urdu has a major literary tradition and large diaspora communities.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Communication, literature and identity in South Asia and the diaspora.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain the language, script and varieties",
      "relay codes, status and speaker figures",
      "present the Hindi-Urdu relationship with attribution",
      "find learning and literary resources"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Perso-Arabic script",
      "Persian and Arabic learned vocabulary",
      "National language of Pakistan",
      "Shared spoken base with Hindi"
    ],
    "appearance": "Written right to left in Nastaliq script; spoken with grammar shared with Hindi and vocabulary from Persian and Arabic.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Nastaliq script",
      "Hindustani grammar shared with Hindi",
      "Hindi in Devanagari and Punjabi are related but distinct entries"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "native speakers",
        "typical_range": "about 70 million",
        "unit": "people",
        "note": "estimates vary"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "total speakers",
        "typical_range": "about 230 million",
        "unit": "people",
        "note": "including second-language speakers; estimates vary"
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "Standard Urdu",
      "Dakhini and other regional varieties",
      "Urdu in India and Pakistan",
      "diaspora Urdu in the United Kingdom, the Gulf and elsewhere",
      "historical forms such as Rekhta and Lashkari",
      "Judaeo-Urdu and other minority varieties"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "Indo-Aryan language",
        "why": "the branch"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a form of",
        "target": "Hindustani",
        "why": "with Hindi"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "Hindi",
        "why": "the closest related standard"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is written in",
        "target": "Nastaliq",
        "why": "the script"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "ISO 639-1",
        "value_or_pattern": "ur",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "scheme": "ISO 639-3",
        "value_or_pattern": "urd",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "scheme": "Glottolog",
        "value_or_pattern": "urdu1245",
        "note": ""
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Constitution of Pakistan on the national language",
      "Indian state language laws recognising Urdu",
      "ISO 639 language codes",
      "Language academies such as the National Language Promotion Department"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Presenting the Hindi-Urdu question as settled either way",
      "Unsourced speaker figures",
      "Stereotyping speakers by religion or nation"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Help people learn, read and translate Urdu with attention to script and register.",
        "Explain Urdu's relation to Hindi and its Persian and Arabic vocabulary, citing linguistic sources.",
        "Relay official status and speaker figures with sources and dates."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Present the Hindi-Urdu question as settled either way.",
        "Stereotype Urdu speakers by religion or nation.",
        "Give unsourced speaker figures.",
        "Produce Urdu text for official, legal or medical use without saying it needs checking by a qualified speaker."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Publishing official, legal or medical translations into Urdu."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Language has been tied to religious and national division in South Asia.",
        "Poor translation can deny speakers access to services."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Urdu speakers",
        "Learners and translators",
        "Communities in South Asia and the diaspora"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The speech community; national language bodies promote standards.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q1617: Urdu",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1617",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Urdu",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "identify",
        "name": "Identify",
        "description": "What Urdu is.",
        "rationale": "Identity.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "language",
            "name": "Language",
            "description": "Language and codes.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "language-finding",
                "name": "Language",
                "description": "Language.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is Urdu, what are its codes, and how does it relate to Hindi and Hindustani?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the question about Urdu, Hindi or Hindustani as a whole?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "script",
            "name": "Script",
            "description": "Script and varieties.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "script-finding",
                "name": "Script",
                "description": "Script.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is Urdu written, and what regional and diaspora varieties exist?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific variety?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "status",
        "name": "Status",
        "description": "Status and speakers.",
        "rationale": "Policy.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "legal",
            "name": "Legal",
            "description": "Legal status.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "legal-finding",
                "name": "Legal",
                "description": "Legal.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What official status does Urdu have in Pakistan, India and elsewhere?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits language policy?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "speakers",
            "name": "Speakers",
            "description": "Speakers.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "speakers-finding",
                "name": "Speakers",
                "description": "Speakers.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How many people speak Urdu, and where, from census and survey sources?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which sources are cited?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "history",
        "name": "History",
        "description": "History and politics.",
        "rationale": "Attribution.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "past",
            "name": "Past",
            "description": "Historical development.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "past-finding",
                "name": "Past",
                "description": "Past.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did Urdu develop from Hindustani through the Mughal, colonial and partition periods?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "politics",
            "name": "Politics",
            "description": "Hindi-Urdu question.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "politics-finding",
                "name": "Politics",
                "description": "Politics.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is the relationship between Hindi and Urdu described by linguists and by the communities, with positions attributed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the presentation neutral and attributed?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "use",
        "name": "Use",
        "description": "Literature and learning.",
        "rationale": "Practice.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "literature",
            "name": "Literature",
            "description": "Literature.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "literature-finding",
                "name": "Literature",
                "description": "Literature.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the major traditions of Urdu poetry and prose?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits Urdu literature?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "learning",
            "name": "Learning",
            "description": "Learning resources.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "learning-finding",
                "name": "Learning",
                "description": "Learning.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can Urdu be learned, and which dictionaries and courses exist?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits language learning?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should Hindustani be the primary entry?",
    "How should census sources be linked?",
    "The registry entry has merged aliases for diaspora and historical varieties; should they be split off?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}