{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T20:00:37Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 4,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T10:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:35:43+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q1641572",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.administrative-court",
    "name": "administrative court",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.4",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "SOC.ORG"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1641572/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.administrative-court",
    "name": "administrative court",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain administrative courts, relay structures, jurisdiction and procedures from legal and court sources in general terms, describe the national systems the registry aliases name, point people with a dispute to legal advice and official court guidance, and distinguish administrative courts from ordinary civil courts, tribunals, ombudsmen and constitutional courts.",
    "definition": "A specialised court that hears disputes between individuals or organisations and public authorities over administrative decisions, found in many civil law systems as a separate hierarchy, such as German Verwaltungsgerichte, French tribunaux administratifs under the Conseil d Etat, Swedish forvaltningsratter, Finnish administrative courts, Indonesian state administrative courts and municipal and regional administrative courts elsewhere, while in England and Wales the Administrative Court is a specialist part of the High Court handling judicial review.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Reviewing decisions of public authorities.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain structures",
      "relay jurisdiction in general terms",
      "describe national systems",
      "distinguish related bodies"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Public law disputes",
      "Separate hierarchy in many countries",
      "Judicial review",
      "Specialised judges"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not a visible object; a court.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Court for disputes with public administration",
      "Municipal and regional administrative court, administrative court of Finland, administrative courts in Sweden, Administrative Court of England and Wales, Indonesian state administrative court",
      "Civil courts hear private disputes; tribunals may be non-judicial; ombudsmen investigate complaints; constitutional courts review laws"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "French Conseil d Etat origin",
        "typical_range": "1799",
        "unit": "year",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "quantity": "England and Wales Administrative Court",
        "typical_range": "part of the King s Bench Division",
        "unit": "note",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Sweden forvaltningsratter",
        "typical_range": "12",
        "unit": "count",
        "note": "first-instance, check current sources"
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "first-instance administrative courts",
      "administrative courts of appeal",
      "supreme administrative courts",
      "judicial review courts in common law systems",
      "specialised tax and immigration courts"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "specialized court",
        "why": "in registry terms"
      },
      {
        "relation": "applies",
        "target": "administrative law",
        "why": ""
      },
      {
        "relation": "includes",
        "target": "Conseil d Etat",
        "why": "at the top of the French system"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is contrasted with",
        "target": "ombudsman",
        "why": ""
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "National administrative procedure acts",
      "European Convention on Human Rights Article 6 fair trial rights"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Giving personal legal advice",
      "Missing strict time limits for appeals",
      "Assuming one country s system applies elsewhere"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain administrative courts and how they review decisions of public authorities in different countries.",
        "Remind a person that appeals often have strict time limits and point them to a lawyer or advice service.",
        "Cite official court sources for jurisdiction and procedure."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Give personal legal advice on a specific case as if a lawyer.",
        "Assume one country's administrative court system applies in another.",
        "File documents with a court on a person's behalf without authority.",
        "Misstate deadlines for an appeal."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Filing or withdrawing an appeal against a public decision."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Administrative courts protect people against abuse of state power.",
        "Missed deadlines can cost people their rights, such as residence or benefits."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Individuals challenging authorities",
        "Migrants and benefit claimants",
        "Public authorities"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The state's judiciary; the court itself keeps its records.",
      "master_systems": [
        "Court case registries"
      ]
    }
  },
  "sources": [],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What an administrative court is.",
        "rationale": "Definition.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "definition",
            "name": "Definition",
            "description": "Definition.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "definition-finding",
                "name": "Definition",
                "description": "Definition.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is an administrative court, and how does it differ from civil courts, tribunals, ombudsmen and constitutional courts?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the question general, or about a personal dispute needing legal advice and attention to appeal deadlines?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "systems",
            "name": "Systems",
            "description": "Named systems.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "systems-finding",
                "name": "Systems",
                "description": "Systems.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do administrative courts work in Finland, Sweden, England and Wales, Indonesia and systems with municipal and regional courts?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the specific system?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "law",
        "name": "Law",
        "description": "Law and procedure.",
        "rationale": "Regulation.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "jurisdiction",
            "name": "Jurisdiction",
            "description": "Jurisdiction.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "jurisdiction-finding",
                "name": "Jurisdiction",
                "description": "Jurisdiction.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which disputes do administrative courts hear, in general terms?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "procedure",
            "name": "Procedure",
            "description": "Procedure.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "procedure-finding",
                "name": "Procedure",
                "description": "Procedure.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are cases brought, and what remedies are available?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which sources are cited?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "models",
        "name": "Models",
        "description": "Legal models.",
        "rationale": "Attribution.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "civil",
            "name": "Civil law",
            "description": "Civil law systems.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "civil-finding",
                "name": "Civil law",
                "description": "Civil law.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Why do France and Germany have separate administrative court hierarchies?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits Federal Administrative Court of Germany?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "common",
            "name": "Common law",
            "description": "Judicial review.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "common-finding",
                "name": "Common law",
                "description": "Common law.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does judicial review work in the Administrative Court of England and Wales?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits judicial review in English law?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "context",
        "name": "Context",
        "description": "History.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did administrative justice develop from the Conseil d Etat?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits administrative law?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "rights",
            "name": "Rights",
            "description": "Rights.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "rights-finding",
                "name": "Rights",
                "description": "Rights.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do administrative courts protect individual rights against the state?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits rule of law?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should each national system be a separate entry?",
    "How should court sources be linked?",
    "How should reforms of court structures be kept current?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}