{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T03:05:07Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 3,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T10:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:06:07+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q1643839",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.productive-capacity",
    "name": "productive capacity",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.3",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "XCT.QTY"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1643839/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.productive-capacity",
    "name": "productive capacity",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain productive capacity in economics, development and operations, relay measurement and indicators from statistical and development sources, describe how capacity is expanded, and distinguish it from actual output and demand.",
    "definition": "The maximum output that an economy, industry, firm or facility can produce with its existing resources, technology and institutions, in economics the potential output that defines the gap with actual output, in development policy the productive resources, entrepreneurial capabilities and linkages that determine what a country can produce and export, and in operations the installed capacity of plants and equipment; productive capacity is measured through capacity utilisation and expanded through investment, skills and infrastructure.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; an economic quantity.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain the concept",
      "relay measurement and indicators",
      "describe capacity building",
      "distinguish from output"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Ceiling on output",
      "Resource and technology based",
      "Utilisation measure",
      "Policy target"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not a visible object; statistics and indices.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Maximum feasible output",
      "Potential output, installed capacity, productive capacities in development policy",
      "Actual output is what is produced; demand is what is wanted; capacity utilisation is the ratio"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "US capacity utilisation",
        "typical_range": "about 77-80",
        "unit": "percent",
        "note": "Federal Reserve, typical range"
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "potential output of an economy",
      "industrial and plant capacity",
      "productive capacities of developing countries as defined by UNCTAD",
      "agricultural productive capacity",
      "capacity utilisation as an indicator"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "capacity",
        "why": "in registry terms"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is measured by",
        "target": "capacity utilization",
        "why": "as a ratio"
      },
      {
        "relation": "determines",
        "target": "potential output",
        "why": "in macroeconomics"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is tracked by",
        "target": "UNCTAD",
        "why": "through its Productive Capacities Index"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Statistical definitions of capacity utilisation by central banks and statistical offices",
      "UNCTAD Productive Capacities Index methodology",
      "No legal regulation"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Confusing capacity with output or demand",
      "Measurement difficulty for services",
      "Presenting policy debates as settled"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Report published estimates of productive capacity with their source, method and date.",
        "Compare capacity and actual output when the data and assumptions are stated."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Present a model estimate of potential output as an observed figure.",
        "Disclose a firm's confidential capacity data to competitors.",
        "Share capacity information in a way that helps competitors coordinate output or prices.",
        "Misstate capacity to mislead investors, lenders or regulators."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Using capacity estimates to decide plant closures or layoffs."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Estimates of spare capacity steer policy on jobs, interest rates and investment.",
        "Capacity cuts fall hardest on workers and towns that depend on one facility."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Workers",
        "Communities near facilities",
        "Investors and lenders"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The owner of a facility answers for its capacity; statistical offices publish national estimates.",
      "master_systems": [
        "National statistics office data"
      ]
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q1643839: productive capacity",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643839",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Productive capacity",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Productive_capacity",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What productive capacity is.",
        "rationale": "Definition.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "definition",
            "name": "Definition",
            "description": "Definition.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "definition-finding",
                "name": "Definition",
                "description": "Definition.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is productive capacity, and how does it differ from actual output and demand?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the question about an economy, an industry, a firm or development policy?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "senses",
            "name": "Senses",
            "description": "Senses.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "senses-finding",
                "name": "Senses",
                "description": "Senses.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do economics, development policy and operations management each use the term?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the specific sense?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "measure",
        "name": "Measure",
        "description": "Measurement.",
        "rationale": "Data.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "utilisation",
            "name": "Utilisation",
            "description": "Capacity utilisation.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "utilisation-finding",
                "name": "Utilisation",
                "description": "Utilisation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is capacity utilisation measured, and what do the figures show, from official sources?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "index",
            "name": "Index",
            "description": "Productive Capacities Index.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "index-finding",
                "name": "Index",
                "description": "Index.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does the UNCTAD index measure productive capacities across countries?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which sources are cited?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "expand",
        "name": "Expand",
        "description": "Building capacity.",
        "rationale": "Practice.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "investment",
            "name": "Investment",
            "description": "Investment and skills.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "investment-finding",
                "name": "Investment",
                "description": "Investment.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do investment, skills, infrastructure and institutions expand productive capacity?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits economic development?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "policy",
            "name": "Policy",
            "description": "Policy debates.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "policy-finding",
                "name": "Policy",
                "description": "Policy.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What debates surround industrial policy and capacity building, with positions attributed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the presentation neutral?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "context",
        "name": "Context",
        "description": "Cycles and history.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "cycles",
            "name": "Cycles",
            "description": "Business cycles.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "cycles-finding",
                "name": "Cycles",
                "description": "Cycles.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does the output gap relate to inflation and business cycles?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits output gap?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How has the concept developed in economic thought and development economics?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the history of economic thought?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should potential output and capacity utilisation be separate entries?",
    "How should statistical sources be linked?",
    "How should the development policy sense be recorded?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}