{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T20:58:16Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:50:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:46:52+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:55+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q173817",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.radius",
    "name": "radius",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "XCT.QLT"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q173817/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.radius",
    "name": "radius",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain and compute radii in geometry and applications, distinguish specialised radii, and separate the anatomical sense.",
    "definition": "A line segment from the centre of a circle or sphere to its boundary, and the length of that segment, half the diameter, extended to related measures such as the radius of curvature of a curve, the radius of a pipe or shaft, and specialised radii such as the Schwarzschild radius and minimum bend radius; the radius is fundamental to geometry, engineering and physics, and is also the name of a forearm bone.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Geometry, engineering and physics.",
    "affordances": [
      "compute radii from other measurements",
      "explain radius of curvature and specialised radii",
      "apply radius in engineering specifications",
      "separate the anatomical sense"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Centre-to-boundary length",
      "Defines circles and spheres",
      "Many specialised forms",
      "Homonym with the bone"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not physical; a length in diagrams and specifications.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Centre to boundary",
      "Half the diameter",
      "The radius bone is a separate anatomical sense"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "radius of circles and spheres",
      "radius of curvature",
      "engineering radii such as pipe, shaft and bend radii",
      "physical radii such as the Schwarzschild radius",
      "atomic and ionic radii"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "line segment",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "length",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "triangle",
        "why": "circumradius and inradius"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "Reissner-Nordstrom black hole",
        "why": "horizon radii"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "ISO 80000-2 and 80000-3 notation",
      "Engineering standards for bend radii and fillets"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Confusing radius and diameter",
      "Ignoring minimum bend radius in cables and pipes",
      "Confusing senses"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Compute and explain radii and related measures with units stated.",
        "Check that a radius or a diameter is used consistently in a calculation."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Confuse radius with diameter in specifications used to build or order parts.",
        "Omit units or tolerances when reporting a radius for manufacturing.",
        "Present an estimated radius as a measured one."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Approving dimensions for safety-critical parts."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Simple geometric errors can cause failures in pipes, wheels and machines.",
        "Learners rely on correct definitions."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Engineers and makers",
        "Students"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody: a mathematical concept held in common.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q173817: radius",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173817",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Radius",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "compute",
        "name": "Compute",
        "description": "Finding the radius.",
        "rationale": "From other measures.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "circle",
            "name": "Circle",
            "description": "Circles and spheres.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "circle-finding",
                "name": "Circle",
                "description": "Circles.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the radius given the diameter, circumference, area or volume?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How does the radius enter these formulas?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "curvature",
            "name": "Curvature",
            "description": "Radius of curvature.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "curvature-finding",
                "name": "Curvature",
                "description": "Curvature.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the radius of curvature of this curve or surface at this point?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How does it relate to curvature?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "apply",
        "name": "Apply",
        "description": "Engineering radii.",
        "rationale": "Specifications.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "bend",
            "name": "Bend",
            "description": "Minimum bend radius.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "bend-finding",
                "name": "Bend",
                "description": "Bend radius.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What minimum bend radius applies to this cable, pipe or sheet, according to the standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What happens if it is exceeded?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "parts",
            "name": "Parts",
            "description": "Radii on parts.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "parts-finding",
                "name": "Parts",
                "description": "Parts.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are radii specified on drawings for shafts, fillets and pipes?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which tolerances apply?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "physics",
        "name": "Physics",
        "description": "Physical radii.",
        "rationale": "Specialised radii.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "schwarzschild",
            "name": "Schwarzschild",
            "description": "Schwarzschild radius.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "schwarzschild-finding",
                "name": "Schwarzschild",
                "description": "Schwarzschild radius.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the Schwarzschild radius, and what is it for this mass?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What does it mean physically?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "atomic",
            "name": "Atomic",
            "description": "Atomic and ionic radii.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "atomic-finding",
                "name": "Atomic",
                "description": "Atomic radii.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are atomic and ionic radii defined and measured?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How do they vary across the periodic table?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "senses",
        "name": "Senses",
        "description": "Disambiguation.",
        "rationale": "Radius has other senses.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "bone",
            "name": "Bone",
            "description": "The radius bone.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "bone-finding",
                "name": "Bone",
                "description": "Anatomical sense.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is the forearm bone meant?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "teach",
            "name": "Teach",
            "description": "Teaching.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "teach-finding",
                "name": "Teach",
                "description": "Teaching.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can radius and diameter be taught without confusion?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which misconceptions arise?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should radius of curvature be a separate entry?",
    "How should engineering standards be linked?",
    "How should the anatomical sense be split?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}