{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T09:10:02Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 20.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a094e0-9a4d-7353-9c16-e60c264597ae\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: digital comparator\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 043: 1", "usd": 0.0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 59.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a094e0-9a41-7401-8b97-bc6263cac29a\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: digital comparator\nRegistry id: vr.tr.digital-comparator\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this en" } }, "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T12:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T08:53:48+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "failure_modes_and_hazards", "owners", "visual_identification" ] }, "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:26+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q1780800", "registryId": "vr.tr.digital-comparator", "name": "digital comparator", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1780800/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.digital-comparator", "name": "digital comparator", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a digital comparator, assess whether its comparison results are valid, and determine how it may be connected, configured and used.", "definition": "A digital comparator is a logic circuit that compares two digitally encoded values and indicates equality or, for a magnitude comparator, their relative numerical order.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the kind of digital electronic circuit or device that compares binary words and reports equality or numerical ordering, provisionally interpreting the registry name as a logic comparator pending confirmation of its intended referent.", "in_scope": [ "Equality and magnitude comparison of digital input words", "Operand width, encoding, significance and comparison semantics", "Comparison outputs, enables and cascade connections", "Electrical compatibility, propagation timing and output validity", "Verification and fault assessment specific to comparison behaviour" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Analogue voltage comparators and their threshold or hysteresis behaviour", "Dimensional measuring instruments marketed as digital comparators", "General-purpose processors and complete arithmetic logic units", "Software-only comparison operators and sorting algorithms", "Individual product inventories, ownership and procurement records" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Accepts discrete digital operands and derives a relation between them rather than comparing continuously varying analogue voltages.", "Provides equality or ordering information as its functional result rather than requiring a user to interpret an arithmetic difference.", "A magnitude comparator distinguishes operand ordering; an equality-only comparator need not report which operand is greater.", "The intended referent compares encoded words rather than measuring physical displacement and displaying a digital reading." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Comparison capability", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "equality-only; magnitude; configurable", "why_it_matters": "Determines which relations an agent may infer from the outputs." }, { "name": "Operand width", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "bits per operand", "why_it_matters": "Sets the supported word size and whether extension or cascading is needed." }, { "name": "Operand interpretation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "unsigned binary; signed encoding specified by implementation; other documented encoding", "why_it_matters": "Identical bit patterns can have different numerical order under different interpretations." }, { "name": "Input significance mapping", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "input terminal or signal mapped to operand and bit position", "why_it_matters": "Swapped operands or reversed bit significance can produce plausible but incorrect results." }, { "name": "Output convention", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "documented relation signals, polarity and encoding", "why_it_matters": "Allows downstream logic to distinguish asserted relations from electrical signal levels." }, { "name": "Supply and logic interface limits", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "V for supply and input thresholds; mA for output drive, with operating conditions", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether connected devices can exchange valid signals without exceeding ratings." }, { "name": "Comparison timing", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "ns for applicable propagation, setup, hold and clock-to-output times", "why_it_matters": "Determines when a result can be sampled reliably." }, { "name": "Result validity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "valid; settling; disabled; uninitialised; indeterminate; fault suspected", "why_it_matters": "Prevents an agent from acting on a transient or unsupported comparison result." }, { "name": "Cascade role", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "standalone; more-significant stage; intermediate stage; less-significant stage; unsupported", "why_it_matters": "Determines how local results contribute to comparison of a wider word." } ], "affordances": [ "Determine whether a documented implementation supports the required operand width and interpretation.", "Map operand bits and relation outputs to connected signals.", "Configure enables and cascade inputs according to the implementation documentation.", "Evaluate whether electrical and timing conditions permit reliable sampling.", "Exercise comparison test vectors and isolate wiring, interpretation or timing faults." ], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Identify a digital comparator in a circuit or design and state what it compares, equality or magnitude.", "Check its behaviour with test vectors on systems the agent is authorized to change." ], "must_not": [ "Present an equality comparator as if it reports greater or less.", "Change comparator logic in a safety-related controller without review and testing.", "Ignore signed versus unsigned encoding when stating a comparison result.", "Hide timing faults that can give wrong outputs at speed." ], "requires_human": [ "Deploying changed comparison logic in safety-critical or financial systems.", "Approving a design after a failed verification test." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Comparators decide thresholds in machines, so errors can cause unsafe actions.", "Silent logic errors are hard to trace and can harm users who trusted the system." ], "affected_parties": [ "Users of controlled machines", "System owners", "Engineers" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "The designer or owner of the system the circuit belongs to.", "master_systems": [] }, "visual_identification": [ "As hardware, an integrated circuit with a printed part number or a block on a circuit board.", "In a design, a block or module labelled as a comparator with two inputs and equality or order outputs." ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Wrong results from signed and unsigned confusion.", "Glitches when inputs change near the clock edge.", "Unsafe actions triggered by wrong threshold comparisons." ], "what_it_is_for": [ "Digital comparators are used in processors, controllers and digital logic systems to determine whether binary values match or which value is larger.", "They support address decoding, threshold detection, sorting and control decisions.", "They may appear as discrete integrated circuits or as logic blocks within programmable devices and larger circuits." ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "IEC 60617, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission, provides graphical symbols for diagrams, including binary logic elements used to represent digital comparison circuits." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q1780800: digital comparator", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780800", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Digital comparator", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_comparator", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "comparison-semantics", "name": "Comparison semantics", "description": "The relations computed and the meaning assigned to input words.", "rationale": "A correct electrical result can still be misused if the operands are interpreted incorrectly.", "layers": [ { "id": "operand-meaning", "name": "Operand meaning", "description": "Word boundaries, bit significance and numerical interpretation.", "findings": [ { "id": "operand-interpretation", "name": "Operand interpretation", "description": "Record the interpretation required to turn input bit patterns into comparable values.", "questions": [ { "text": "How many bits form each operand, and which inputs carry the most and least significant bits?", "kind": "definition", "id": "operand-interpretation-q01" }, { "text": "Are operands interpreted as unsigned binary, a specified signed encoding or another encoding?", "kind": "definition", "id": "operand-interpretation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "relation-meaning", "name": "Relation meaning", "description": "Supported comparisons and their observable representation.", "findings": [ { "id": "relation-output-contract", "name": "Relation output contract", "description": "Record which relations are available and how their assertion is represented.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the implementation report equality only, or also A greater than B and A less than B?", "kind": "definition", "id": "relation-output-contract-q01" }, { "text": "What output polarity or encoding identifies each relation, and which combinations are valid after settling?", "kind": "definition", "id": "relation-output-contract-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "logic-interface", "name": "Logic interface", "description": "Electrical conditions under which operands and results represent valid digital signals.", "rationale": "Logical compatibility alone does not establish that a comparator can safely drive or receive connected signals.", "layers": [ { "id": "input-and-supply-conditions", "name": "Input and supply conditions", "description": "Supply requirements and recognition of operand and control levels.", "findings": [ { "id": "valid-input-levels", "name": "Valid input levels", "description": "Record documented electrical limits for interpreting input signals.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which supply range and input-high and input-low limits apply under the intended operating conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "valid-input-levels-q01" }, { "text": "How must unused operand, enable and cascade inputs be terminated?", "kind": "action", "id": "valid-input-levels-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "output-loading", "name": "Output loading", "description": "How relation outputs connect to receiving logic.", "findings": [ { "id": "relation-signal-drive", "name": "Relation signal drive", "description": "Record output topology and loading constraints for each comparison signal.", "questions": [ { "text": "What output topology, external pull components and drive limits are documented?", "kind": "definition", "id": "relation-signal-drive-q01" }, { "text": "Do the receiving thresholds and actual load permit each relation output to reach a valid level?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "relation-signal-drive-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "timing-and-validity", "name": "Timing and validity", "description": "When comparison outputs may be trusted after operand or control changes.", "rationale": "A comparator result must be associated with stable operands and an appropriate observation time.", "layers": [ { "id": "comparison-latency", "name": "Comparison latency", "description": "Combinational or clocked behaviour and the associated timing contract.", "findings": [ { "id": "result-availability", "name": "Result availability", "description": "Record the delay or sampling conditions separating an input change from a usable result.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the comparison path combinational, registered or otherwise sequenced?", "kind": "definition", "id": "result-availability-q01" }, { "text": "What propagation or clock-related timing limits apply at the actual supply, temperature and output load?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "result-availability-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "transient-and-disabled-behaviour", "name": "Transient and disabled behaviour", "description": "Interpretation of outputs outside normal stable comparison.", "findings": [ { "id": "invalid-result-handling", "name": "Invalid result handling", "description": "Record conditions in which outputs must not be treated as a valid operand relation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What output behaviour is documented during power-up, disable, reset or changing operands?", "kind": "definition", "id": "invalid-result-handling-q01" }, { "text": "What settling interval, register or qualification signal prevents downstream action on transient results?", "kind": "action", "id": "invalid-result-handling-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "word-extension-and-integration", "name": "Word extension and integration", "description": "Composition of comparator stages and adaptation to a larger digital system.", "rationale": "Width extension and operand adaptation can silently change comparison semantics.", "layers": [ { "id": "cascade-composition", "name": "Cascade composition", "description": "Supported inter-stage relation signals and significance ordering.", "findings": [ { "id": "cascade-contract", "name": "Cascade contract", "description": "Record whether and how comparator stages form a wider comparison.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the implementation support cascading, and what meaning does it assign to each cascade input?", "kind": "definition", "id": "cascade-contract-q01" }, { "text": "How must stages be ordered and standalone cascade inputs initialised to preserve word significance?", "kind": "action", "id": "cascade-contract-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operand-adaptation", "name": "Operand adaptation", "description": "Preparation of system values for the comparator's supported representation.", "findings": [ { "id": "representation-boundary", "name": "Representation boundary", "description": "Separate the comparator's native behaviour from transformations performed by surrounding logic.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which truncation, extension, bit reordering or encoding conversion occurs before comparison?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "representation-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence establishes that these transformations preserve the ordering or equality required by the application?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "representation-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "verification-and-fault-isolation", "name": "Verification and fault isolation", "description": "Evidence that observed outputs implement the intended comparison under stated conditions.", "rationale": "Comparison-specific tests distinguish semantic mistakes from wiring and timing failures.", "layers": [ { "id": "functional-test-coverage", "name": "Functional test coverage", "description": "Test cases that exercise equality, significance and interpretation boundaries.", "findings": [ { "id": "discriminating-test-vectors", "name": "Discriminating test vectors", "description": "Record test inputs and expected relations derived from the declared comparison semantics.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which vectors test equal words, single-bit differences and a most-significant difference opposed by lower bits?", "kind": "action", "id": "discriminating-test-vectors-q01" }, { "text": "Which additional vectors cover signed boundaries, enables or cascade stages when those features are present?", "kind": "action", "id": "discriminating-test-vectors-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "fault-evidence", "name": "Fault evidence", "description": "Observed failures and evidence linking them to a specific comparison path or condition.", "findings": [ { "id": "comparison-failure-isolation", "name": "Comparison failure isolation", "description": "Record reproducible mismatches and the checks needed to identify their cause.", "questions": [ { "text": "For each mismatch, what operands, controls, supply conditions and sampling time were observed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "comparison-failure-isolation-q01" }, { "text": "Which checks distinguish swapped operands, reversed bit order, incorrect cascade inputs, stuck signals and premature sampling?", "kind": "action", "id": "comparison-failure-isolation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The definition assumes the digital logic sense; the absent recorded sense leaves ambiguity with dimensional metrology instruments.", "Timing, supply requirements, output behavior, and cascade connections require checking the particular device datasheet.", "No category-wide regulatory standard is asserted from recall." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of digital comparator this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Equality comparator", "Magnitude comparator", "Parallel comparator", "Serial comparator", "Signed binary comparator", "Unsigned binary comparator" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of digital comparator this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "74-series logic device designation", "value_or_pattern": "74HC85", "note": "An example designation for a four-bit magnitude comparator; it identifies a device type, not the entire comparator category." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of digital comparator this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Testing equality of addresses, instruction fields, or digital identifiers", "Detecting whether a counter has reached a programmed value", "Comparing digital measurements with thresholds", "Supporting sorting and minimum or maximum selection in digital hardware", "Generating conditional results in processors and control circuits" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of digital comparator this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Operand width", "typical_range": "4 or 8 for common standalone logic devices; wider operands are implemented by cascading or integration", "unit": "bit" }, { "quantity": "Propagation delay", "typical_range": "Typically nanoseconds to tens of nanoseconds for common standalone logic devices, depending on logic family, supply voltage, and load", "unit": "ns" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of digital comparator this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Transient incorrect outputs while multiple input bits change and internal paths settle", "Incorrect ordering when signedness or numerical encoding is interpreted incorrectly", "Unreliable outputs from floating inputs or incompatible logic voltage levels", "Incorrect comparisons caused by improperly connected cascade inputs", "Device damage from electrostatic discharge or voltages exceeding ratings" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of digital comparator this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Analog comparator", "difference": "Compares continuous input voltages rather than digitally encoded values." }, { "name": "Digital dimensional comparator", "difference": "A measuring instrument that displays dimensional deviation digitally; this is a separate possible meaning of the supplied name." }, { "name": "Subtractor", "difference": "Produces an arithmetic difference; a comparator produces a relation such as equal, greater, or less." }, { "name": "Exclusive-NOR gate", "difference": "Tests equality of individual binary inputs; multi-bit equality comparison combines such tests." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of digital comparator this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry source identify a digital logic comparator, or a dimensional measuring instrument with a digital display?", "Does the intended kind include both equality-only and magnitude comparators, and both standalone devices and embedded circuit blocks?", "Which authoritative references establish the intended comparison semantics, cascade conventions and representative implementation boundaries?", "Which interface standards, operating ranges and qualification requirements apply to documented implementations rather than to the kind universally?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already cover this concept, requiring a registry link instead of a separate publication?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 27 } }