{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T01:10:31Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 3,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T10:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:05:06+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:55+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q1849",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.erbium",
    "name": "erbium",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.3",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.MAT"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1849/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.erbium",
    "name": "erbium",
    "purpose": "Let an agent identify erbium and its properties, relay isotopes, production and uses from reference sources, explain its role in fibre optics and lasers, and distinguish it from neighbouring lanthanides.",
    "definition": "A chemical element with symbol Er and atomic number 68, a silvery lanthanide obtained from monazite, xenotime and ion-adsorption clays, whose pink-coloured compounds are used to tint glass and ceramics and whose ions amplify light in erbium-doped fibre amplifiers that carry internet traffic over optical fibre, as well as in medical and dental lasers and as a neutron absorber; erbium has six stable isotopes from erbium-162 to erbium-170 and is named after the Swedish village of Ytterby.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Fibre amplifiers, lasers, glass colouring and specialised uses.",
    "affordances": [
      "relay properties and isotopes",
      "explain production and uses",
      "explain fibre optic role",
      "distinguish from other lanthanides"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Optical amplification at 1550 nm",
      "Pink compounds",
      "Laser uses",
      "Ytterby naming"
    ],
    "appearance": "A soft silvery metal; its compounds are pink.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Element 68, symbol Er",
      "Lanthanide of fibre amplifiers and pink glass",
      "Holmium and thulium are the neighbouring lanthanides"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "atomic number",
        "typical_range": "68",
        "unit": "Z",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "quantity": "standard atomic weight",
        "typical_range": "167.259",
        "unit": "u",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "quantity": "melting point",
        "typical_range": "1529",
        "unit": "degrees C",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "quantity": "stable isotopes",
        "typical_range": "6",
        "unit": "count",
        "note": "Er-162, 164, 166, 167, 168, 170"
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "erbium metal",
      "erbium compounds such as the oxide",
      "stable isotopes from erbium-162 to erbium-170 and radioactive isotopes",
      "erbium-doped fibre and lasers",
      "erbium in glass, ceramics and alloys"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "lanthanide",
        "why": "in registry terms"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "heavy metal",
        "why": "in registry terms"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is used in",
        "target": "erbium-doped fiber amplifier",
        "why": "the key telecom device"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is adjacent to",
        "target": "holmium",
        "why": "element 67"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "symbol",
        "value_or_pattern": "Er",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "scheme": "CAS",
        "value_or_pattern": "7440-52-0",
        "note": ""
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Chemical safety data sheets",
      "Medical device regulation for erbium lasers",
      "Rare earth trade rules"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Supply concentration",
      "Laser safety",
      "Confusing with neighbouring lanthanides"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain erbium's properties and its use in optical amplifiers and glass colouring.",
        "Report supply and production figures with source and year."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Claim medical effects for erbium compounds or for lasers that use them.",
        "Advise handling erbium powders or compounds without proper protection.",
        "Hide sourcing from operations with known environmental or labour problems.",
        "Operate a laser containing erbium above the safe class without authorization."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Any clinical use of erbium lasers on a person."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Rare earth separation generates waste that has harmed land and water near plants.",
        "Erbium lasers are used on skin and teeth, where misuse causes burns."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Communities near processing sites",
        "Patients treated with such lasers",
        "Workers handling compounds"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The holder of each stock; mining rights are granted by the state where it is mined.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q1849: erbium",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Erbium",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "identify",
        "name": "Identify",
        "description": "What erbium is.",
        "rationale": "Identity.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "properties",
            "name": "Properties",
            "description": "Properties.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "properties-finding",
                "name": "Properties",
                "description": "Properties.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the physical and chemical properties of erbium?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the question about erbium or a neighbouring lanthanide?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "isotopes",
            "name": "Isotopes",
            "description": "Isotopes.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "isotopes-finding",
                "name": "Isotopes",
                "description": "Isotopes.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which isotopes exist, and how are they used?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the specific isotope?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "source",
        "name": "Source",
        "description": "Occurrence and production.",
        "rationale": "Supply.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "occurrence",
            "name": "Occurrence",
            "description": "Occurrence.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "occurrence-finding",
                "name": "Occurrence",
                "description": "Occurrence.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Where does erbium occur, and how is it separated?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits rare earth mining?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "supply",
            "name": "Supply",
            "description": "Supply.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "supply-finding",
                "name": "Supply",
                "description": "Supply.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Who produces erbium, and how is it traded, with sources?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which sources are cited?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "use",
        "name": "Use",
        "description": "Uses.",
        "rationale": "Application.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "optics",
            "name": "Optics",
            "description": "Fibre optics and lasers.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "optics-finding",
                "name": "Optics",
                "description": "Optics.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do erbium-doped fibre amplifiers and erbium lasers work, and where are they used?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits optical amplifier?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "other",
            "name": "Other",
            "description": "Glass, ceramics and nuclear.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "other-finding",
                "name": "Other",
                "description": "Other.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is erbium used in colouring, alloys and neutron absorption?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "context",
        "name": "Context",
        "description": "History.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "discovery",
            "name": "Discovery",
            "description": "Discovery.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "discovery-finding",
                "name": "Discovery",
                "description": "Discovery.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How was erbium discovered by Mosander in 1843 and named after Ytterby?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits Ytterby?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "telecom",
            "name": "Telecom",
            "description": "Telecommunications history.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "telecom-finding",
                "name": "Telecom",
                "description": "Telecom.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did the erbium-doped fibre amplifier transform long-distance communications in the 1990s?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the history of fibre optics?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should the fibre amplifier be the primary linked entry?",
    "How should reference data be linked?",
    "The registry entry has merged aliases naming isotopes; should they be split off?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}