{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T21:47:57Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 3,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T10:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T06:58:06+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:55+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q1853",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.thulium",
    "name": "thulium",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.3",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.MAT"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1853/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.thulium",
    "name": "thulium",
    "purpose": "Let an agent identify thulium and its properties, relay isotopes, occurrence and uses from reference sources, and distinguish it from neighbouring lanthanides.",
    "definition": "A chemical element with symbol Tm and atomic number 69, a silvery lanthanide metal and the second rarest of the rare earth elements; thulium occurs in monazite and other minerals, has one stable isotope, thulium-169, and is used in portable X-ray sources through its isotope thulium-170, in solid-state lasers and in some superconductors.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Portable X-ray sources, lasers and research uses.",
    "affordances": [
      "relay properties and isotopes",
      "explain occurrence and extraction",
      "relay uses",
      "distinguish from other lanthanides"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Second rarest lanthanide",
      "Single stable isotope Tm-169",
      "Tm-170 as X-ray source",
      "Trivalent chemistry with blue-green luminescence"
    ],
    "appearance": "A soft, silvery-grey metal that tarnishes slowly in air.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Element 69, symbol Tm",
      "Lanthanide with one stable isotope",
      "Neighbouring erbium and ytterbium have similar chemistry"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "atomic number",
        "typical_range": "69",
        "unit": "Z",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "quantity": "standard atomic weight",
        "typical_range": "168.934",
        "unit": "u",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "quantity": "melting point",
        "typical_range": "1545",
        "unit": "degrees C",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "quantity": "density",
        "typical_range": "9.32",
        "unit": "g/cm3",
        "note": ""
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "thulium metal and alloys",
      "thulium compounds such as the oxide and halides",
      "isotopes from thulium-144 to thulium-183, with Tm-169 stable and Tm-170 and Tm-171 of practical use",
      "thulium-doped laser and fibre materials"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "lanthanide",
        "why": "the series"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "rare earth element",
        "why": "in general terms"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is adjacent to",
        "target": "erbium",
        "why": "element 68"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is adjacent to",
        "target": "ytterbium",
        "why": "element 70"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "symbol",
        "value_or_pattern": "Tm",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "scheme": "CAS",
        "value_or_pattern": "7440-30-4",
        "note": ""
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Radiation safety rules for thulium-170 sources",
      "Rare earth trade and export controls",
      "Chemical safety data sheets"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Radiation from activated isotopes",
      "Dust flammability of fine metal",
      "Supply concentration in few countries"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Report thulium's properties, isotopes and uses, such as in lasers and portable X-ray sources.",
        "Trace thulium supply information from reported sources."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Handle radioactive thulium sources without licensed controls.",
        "Misrepresent the origin of rare earth material to hide harmful mining practices.",
        "Dispose of thulium-bearing devices or residues outside proper channels."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Moving or disposing of a radioactive thulium source."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Rare earth mining causes heavy pollution and often poor working conditions.",
        "Radioactive sources used in imaging must be kept from people who could be hurt."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Mining communities",
        "Patients and operators of imaging equipment"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The holder of the material; radiation regulators license radioactive sources.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q1853: thulium",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1853",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Thulium",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "identify",
        "name": "Identify",
        "description": "What thulium is.",
        "rationale": "Identity.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "properties",
            "name": "Properties",
            "description": "Properties.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "properties-finding",
                "name": "Properties",
                "description": "Properties.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the physical and chemical properties of thulium?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the question about thulium or a neighbouring lanthanide?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "isotopes",
            "name": "Isotopes",
            "description": "Isotopes.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "isotopes-finding",
                "name": "Isotopes",
                "description": "Isotopes.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which isotopes exist, and which are stable or useful?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the specific isotope?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "source",
        "name": "Source",
        "description": "Occurrence and production.",
        "rationale": "Supply.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "occurrence",
            "name": "Occurrence",
            "description": "Occurrence.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "occurrence-finding",
                "name": "Occurrence",
                "description": "Occurrence.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Where does thulium occur, and how is it separated from other rare earths?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits rare earth mining?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "supply",
            "name": "Supply",
            "description": "Supply.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "supply-finding",
                "name": "Supply",
                "description": "Supply.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Who produces thulium, and how scarce is it, with sources?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which sources are cited?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "use",
        "name": "Use",
        "description": "Uses.",
        "rationale": "Application.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "xray",
            "name": "X-ray",
            "description": "X-ray sources.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "xray-finding",
                "name": "Xray",
                "description": "Xray.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is thulium-170 used in portable X-ray sources, and what safety rules apply?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits radiography?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "lasers",
            "name": "Lasers",
            "description": "Lasers and materials.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "lasers-finding",
                "name": "Lasers",
                "description": "Lasers.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is thulium used in lasers, fibres and superconductors?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "context",
        "name": "Context",
        "description": "History.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "discovery",
            "name": "Discovery",
            "description": "Discovery.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "discovery-finding",
                "name": "Discovery",
                "description": "Discovery.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How was thulium discovered by Cleve in 1879, and how was it named?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the history of the rare earths?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "teach",
            "name": "Teach",
            "description": "Teaching.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "teach-finding",
                "name": "Teach",
                "description": "Teaching.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is thulium presented in teaching the lanthanides?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the periodic table?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should isotopes be separate entries?",
    "How should reference data be linked?",
    "The registry entry has merged aliases naming isotopes; should they be split off?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}