{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T00:17:05Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:50:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:47:05+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:27+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q18545",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.ball",
    "name": "ball",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.OBJ"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q18545/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.ball",
    "name": "ball",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain kinds of balls and their uses, describe sport-specific standards and materials, support choosing and maintaining balls, and describe history and play.",
    "definition": "A round or roughly spherical object used in sports, games, exercise and play, from footballs, basketballs and tennis balls to medicine balls, exercise balls, floorball and reaction balls, and also solid balls such as iron balls and novelty balls such as rubber band balls; balls are made in many sizes and materials, are standardised for each sport, and are among the oldest toys and sports equipment.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Round objects for sport and play.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain kinds of ball",
      "describe standards and materials",
      "support choosing and maintaining",
      "describe history and play"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Spherical form",
      "Sport standards",
      "Materials and construction",
      "Play and exercise"
    ],
    "appearance": "A spherical or ovoid object of varied size and material.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Round object for play or sport",
      "Sport-specific sizes and materials",
      "A formal ball as a dance event is another sense"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "External dimensions",
        "unit": "millimetres",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Measure the diameter of a spherical ball or the principal dimensions of an irregular ball under a stated inflation condition."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Total mass",
        "unit": "grams",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Measure with a balance because mass varies substantially with sport, size and construction."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Internal gauge pressure",
        "unit": "kilopascals",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Measure inflatable balls with a suitable pressure gauge, while this property does not apply to solid balls."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Rebound height",
        "unit": "centimetres",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Measure the rebound after a specified drop onto a defined surface while recording temperature and inflation condition."
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "sports balls such as football, basketball and tennis balls",
      "exercise and medicine balls",
      "game and toy balls",
      "training balls such as reaction balls",
      "solid and novelty balls"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "sports equipment",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "toy",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "spherical body",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "volleyball at the Summer Olympics",
        "why": "a ball sport event"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Sport federation ball specifications",
      "Toy safety standards",
      "Manufacturing and labour standards for ball production"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Injury from hard or heavy balls",
      "Choking hazards from small balls",
      "Counterfeit or substandard balls"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Recommend balls suited to the sport, age and level, following official specifications.",
        "Report damaged or unsafe balls in equipment it manages."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Give small balls to young children that could be a choking hazard.",
        "Sell or describe counterfeit balls as official.",
        "Throw or launch hard balls toward people outside play."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Choosing equipment for a club or school that must meet safety rules."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Small balls choke children; hard balls injure players and bystanders."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Children",
        "Players",
        "Spectators"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The person who owns it; sports federations set specifications for official balls.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q18545: ball",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18545",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Ball",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "Kinds of ball.",
        "rationale": "Definitions.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "kinds",
            "name": "Kinds",
            "description": "Kinds and uses.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "kinds-finding",
                "name": "Kinds",
                "description": "Kinds.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What kinds of balls exist for sports, exercise, games and training, and how do they differ?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the object or the dance event sense of ball meant?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "construction",
            "name": "Construction",
            "description": "Materials and construction.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "construction-finding",
                "name": "Construction",
                "description": "Construction.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are balls constructed from leather, rubber, synthetics and foam, and how does this affect play?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific ball?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "choose",
        "name": "Choose",
        "description": "Choosing and using.",
        "rationale": "Practice.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "select",
            "name": "Select",
            "description": "Selecting a ball.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "select-finding",
                "name": "Select",
                "description": "Selection.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which ball suits this sport, age, surface or exercise, and what sizes and pressures are standard?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which safety cautions apply to medicine and exercise balls?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "care",
            "name": "Care",
            "description": "Maintenance.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "care-finding",
                "name": "Care",
                "description": "Maintenance.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are balls inflated, cleaned and stored to last?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "When should a ball be replaced?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "sport",
        "name": "Sport",
        "description": "Balls in sport.",
        "rationale": "Regulation.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "standards",
            "name": "Standards",
            "description": "Federation standards.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "standards-finding",
                "name": "Standards",
                "description": "Standards.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What specifications do federations set for match balls, and how are they tested?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific sport?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "physics",
            "name": "Physics",
            "description": "Ball physics.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "physics-finding",
                "name": "Physics",
                "description": "Physics.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do spin, bounce and aerodynamics affect ball flight, according to sports science?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits sports physics?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "History and play.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History of balls.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How have balls been made and played with across cultures and history?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "play",
            "name": "Play",
            "description": "Ball play and development.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "play-finding",
                "name": "Play",
                "description": "Play.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does ball play support motor development in children, according to research?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which misconceptions arise?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should each sport ball be a separate entry?",
    "How should federation specifications be linked?",
    "How should the dance sense be split?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}