{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T03:14:16Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:55:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:55:26+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q1864008",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.legal-act",
    "name": "legal act",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "INF.KNW"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1864008/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.legal-act",
    "name": "legal act",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain legal acts and their kinds and validity requirements, distinguish public and private acts, support finding and understanding specific acts at a general level, and route personal legal questions to professionals.",
    "definition": "An act performed by a public authority or private party that creates, modifies or extinguishes legal rights and obligations, including legislation, decrees, regulations, administrative orders and warrants, licences and authorisations, court decisions and private acts such as contracts and wills, each valid only if made by a competent authority in the required form; legal acts are the primary instruments of legal systems and are recorded, published and interpreted according to law.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Acts creating or changing legal rights and duties.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain kinds and validity",
      "distinguish public and private acts",
      "support finding acts",
      "route personal questions"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Legal effect",
      "Competence and form",
      "Public or private",
      "Publication and record"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not physical; documents and recorded actions.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Creates, modifies or extinguishes legal rights",
      "Made by a competent authority in required form",
      "A legal fact may occur without intent; a legal document may merely record"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "legislation and decrees",
      "administrative acts such as orders, warrants and licences",
      "judicial acts",
      "private legal acts such as contracts and wills",
      "international legal acts"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "legal action",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "intellectual work",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "certificate",
        "why": "documents attesting acts"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "Law Commission of India",
        "why": "a body reviewing legislation"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Constitutional rules on law-making",
      "Administrative procedure law",
      "Publication and official gazette requirements"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Agents giving personal legal advice",
      "Treating invalid or repealed acts as in force",
      "Confusing kinds of act"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain kinds of legal acts and their effects under a stated legal system.",
        "Find official texts of legal acts and cite them."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Present general information as legal advice for a specific case.",
        "Draft or execute legal acts that bind a person without their authorization.",
        "Cite repealed or foreign acts as applying.",
        "Forge or alter official legal acts."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Signing, filing or executing a legal act on someone's behalf."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Legal acts change people's rights; errors and fraud cost them dearly.",
        "Access to law should not depend on wealth."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "People bound by the act",
        "Third parties",
        "Public authorities"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The authority or party that makes it; courts decide on its validity.",
      "master_systems": [
        "Official gazettes",
        "Notarial and court records"
      ]
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q1864008: legal act",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1864008",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-de",
      "title": "Wikipedia (de): Rechtsakt",
      "url": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechtsakt",
      "url_status": "live",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What legal acts are.",
        "rationale": "Law.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "concept",
            "name": "Concept",
            "description": "Concept and kinds.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "concept-finding",
                "name": "Concept",
                "description": "Concept.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is a legal act, and how do legislation, administrative acts, judicial acts and private acts differ?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which kind of act and which jurisdiction is meant?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "validity",
            "name": "Validity",
            "description": "Validity.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "validity-finding",
                "name": "Validity",
                "description": "Validity.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What conditions of competence, form, procedure and content make a legal act valid, in general terms?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits administrative law?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "find",
        "name": "Find",
        "description": "Finding and reading acts.",
        "rationale": "Practice.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "find",
            "name": "Find",
            "description": "Finding an act.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "find-finding",
                "name": "Find",
                "description": "Finding.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Where is a specific legal act published, and how can its current status be checked?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the act still in force?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "read",
            "name": "Read",
            "description": "Reading an act.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "read-finding",
                "name": "Read",
                "description": "Reading.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is a legal act structured and interpreted, in general terms?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is legal advice needed from a professional?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "kinds",
        "name": "Kinds",
        "description": "Specific kinds.",
        "rationale": "Reference.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "administrative",
            "name": "Administrative",
            "description": "Administrative acts.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "administrative-finding",
                "name": "Administrative",
                "description": "Administrative.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are warrants, licences, authorisations and orders, and how can they be challenged?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific act type?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "emergency",
            "name": "Emergency",
            "description": "Emergency and exceptional acts.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "emergency-finding",
                "name": "Emergency",
                "description": "Emergency.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are emergency decrees and exceptional powers regulated, and what debates surround them, with positions attributed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the presentation neutral?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "Theory and teaching.",
        "rationale": "Education.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "theory",
            "name": "Theory",
            "description": "Legal theory.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "theory-finding",
                "name": "Theory",
                "description": "Theory.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do legal theories analyse legal acts and their effects?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "teach",
            "name": "Teach",
            "description": "Teaching.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "teach-finding",
                "name": "Teach",
                "description": "Teaching.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can legal acts be taught in introductory law?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which misconceptions arise?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should each kind of act be a separate entry?",
    "How should official gazettes be linked?",
    "How should legal databases be linked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}