{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T11:03:04Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 19.0, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a09547-f7da-7a80-8a67-8dac8740ec42\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Lorentz ether theory\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: INF.MED\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 044:", "usd": 0.0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 68.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a09547-f7c6-7821-8744-5a5fd1d49c6b\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Lorentz ether theory\nRegistry id: vr.tr.lorentz-ether-theory\nPlane / domain: INF / INF.MED\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into thi" } }, "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T12:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T08:45:36+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "owners" ] }, "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:27+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q1870029", "registryId": "vr.tr.lorentz-ether-theory", "name": "Lorentz ether theory", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1870029/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.lorentz-ether-theory", "name": "Lorentz ether theory", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify a formulation of Lorentz ether theory, examine its assumptions and predictions, and assess comparisons with special relativity without conflating historical versions.", "definition": "Lorentz ether theory is a historical framework for electrodynamics that posits a stationary luminiferous ether and explains the apparent absence of detectable motion relative to it through changes in moving matter and clocks, with its mature Lorentz-covariant formulation reproducing special relativity's observable predictions within their shared scope.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the conceptual identity, formulation-specific commitments, explanatory mechanisms, and evidential assessment of Lorentz ether theory under registry id vr.tr.lorentz-ether-theory; it treats publications as evidence for the theory rather than as the theory itself.", "in_scope": [ "A privileged ether rest frame and its relationship to observable inertial frames", "Formulation-specific meanings of local time, physical time, and simultaneity", "Contraction and clock behavior attributed to motion relative to the ether", "Transformation rules and assumptions about electromagnetic and material systems", "Ether-drift predictions and qualified comparisons with special relativity", "Distinctions between historical formulations and later reconstructions" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Special relativity as an independently maintained theory", "Lorentz transformations considered solely as mathematical objects", "Luminiferous ether theories generally, including competing drag hypotheses", "Experimental apparatus, datasets, and calibration records maintained by experiment models", "Bibliographic editions, translations, and physical copies of source publications", "General relativity and modern preferred-frame theories unless an explicit extension is being assessed" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Check whether the formulation assigns physical privilege to an ether rest frame; Lorentz transformation equations alone do not identify Lorentz ether theory.", "Check whether changes in moving rods and clocks receive a dynamical explanation relative to ether motion, and record which changes the selected formulation actually addresses.", "Check how local time relates to privileged-frame time instead of assuming the formulation gives all inertial time coordinates identical physical standing.", "Check whether ether-drift predictions incorporate changes to measuring systems; a prediction based only on light moving through a stationary medium is insufficient.", "Require a dated formulation or explicitly identified reconstruction before accepting claims of exact empirical equivalence with special relativity." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Formulation identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Dated historical formulation; later reconstruction; unspecified", "why_it_matters": "Prevents assumptions from different stages being assembled into an undocumented composite theory." }, { "name": "Ether-frame commitment", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Physically privileged frame; differently specified ether commitment; unclear", "why_it_matters": "Separates the theory's physical interpretation from its mathematical transformations." }, { "name": "Local-time interpretation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Auxiliary variable; operational clock reading; explicitly qualified combination; unspecified", "why_it_matters": "Determines what transformed time means in the selected formulation." }, { "name": "Transformation accuracy", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "First order in v/c; specified higher order; exact within stated assumptions; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Bounds which predictions and equivalence claims the formulation supports." }, { "name": "Assumed ether-relative speed", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "m/s, or dimensionless beta = v/c; distinguish assumed from independently measured values", "why_it_matters": "Records a calculation parameter without presenting an unobserved preferred-frame speed as measured." }, { "name": "Material-dynamics coverage", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Specified electron model; equilibrium bodies; specified clock mechanism; broader matter assumptions; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Shows whether claims about rods and clocks follow from modeled dynamics or additional assumptions." }, { "name": "Relativity comparison", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named comparator formulation, shared observables, domain, assumptions, and demonstrated agreement or disagreement", "why_it_matters": "Makes equivalence a bounded relationship rather than an unrestricted label." }, { "name": "Assessment state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Source interpretation pending; derivation checked; experimentally assessed within a stated domain; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes historical identification, mathematical verification, and empirical assessment." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a claim as belonging to a historical formulation, a later reconstruction, or a neighbouring theory.", "Trace a rod, clock, or optical prediction to its transformation rules and material assumptions.", "Compare predictions with special relativity for a specified observable and experimental domain.", "Identify anachronistic attributions and missing steps in claims of exact covariance or equivalence.", "Evaluate whether an experiment constrains a prediction, an auxiliary assumption, or an interpretation.", "Record unresolved theoretical commitments and the evidence needed to settle them." ], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Explain Lorentz ether theory and its place in the history of physics from reliable sources.", "Compare its predictions with those of special relativity, stating where they agree and differ." ], "must_not": [ "Present the theory as current mainstream physics.", "Present it as simply refuted by experiment where it matches special relativity on the points it covers.", "Use its history to support fringe claims that relativity has been overturned." ], "requires_human": [ "Using the theory as a basis for safety-relevant engineering calculations." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Fair history of science credits the people whose ideas led to later theories.", "Misused historical theories feed misinformation about established physics." ], "affected_parties": [ "Students", "Readers of science history" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "Nobody owns the theory; the physics community and historians of science keep its record.", "master_systems": [] }, "what_it_is_for": [ "Lorentz ether theory is encountered in the history and philosophy of physics when examining the development of electrodynamics and relativity.", "It provides a framework for comparing explanations based on a preferred ether frame with explanations based on special relativity.", "Scholarly analysis distinguishes historical formulations because their assumptions and explanatory scope differ." ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Conflating historical formulations can produce inaccurate accounts of their assumptions and predictions.", "Presenting the ether as experimentally established can mislead learners about the evidential status of the theory.", "Claiming observational differences without specifying the formulation and domain can undermine scientific comparisons." ], "facets_not_applicable": { "interfaces": "No specific standard, law or official classification governs this historical theoretical framework as such.", "recognition": "Lorentz ether theory is an abstract framework identified through its stated assumptions and equations rather than perceptual cues." } }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q1870029: Lorentz ether theory", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1870029", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Lorentz ether theory", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz_ether_theory", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "formulations-and-ether-commitments", "name": "Formulations and ether commitments", "description": "Identify which theory version is being represented and what physical role it assigns to the ether.", "rationale": "The registry name needs one conceptual home while preserving consequential differences between formulations.", "layers": [ { "id": "historical-formulation", "name": "Historical formulation", "description": "Anchor assertions to identifiable texts and distinguish later reconstructions.", "findings": [ { "id": "dated-claim-anchor", "name": "Dated claim anchor", "description": "Lorentz's 1904 paper provides a specific formulation addressing electromagnetic phenomena in moving systems; it should not silently stand for every later use of the theory's name. [Primary text](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_phenomena)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which dated text and passages define the formulation represented here?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "dated-claim-anchor-q01" }, { "text": "Which commitments come from that text, and which were supplied by later reconstruction?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "dated-claim-anchor-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "preferred-frame-meaning", "name": "Preferred-frame meaning", "description": "Describe the ether's asserted physical role and the status of quantities defined relative to it.", "findings": [ { "id": "ether-ontology-versus-observability", "name": "Ether ontology versus observability", "description": "Record separately the assertion that an ether frame exists and any proposed procedure for identifying it experimentally.", "questions": [ { "text": "What makes the ether rest frame physically privileged in this formulation?", "kind": "definition", "id": "ether-ontology-versus-observability-q01" }, { "text": "Does the formulation supply an observable that identifies this frame, or only a theoretical designation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "ether-ontology-versus-observability-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "local-time-and-transformations", "name": "Local time and transformations", "description": "Capture how coordinates, time variables, and observable clock readings are related.", "rationale": "Matching equations can conceal different meanings of time and different levels of approximation.", "layers": [ { "id": "transformation-content", "name": "Transformation content", "description": "Record the actual transformations and the systems to which they apply.", "findings": [ { "id": "equations-with-validity-conditions", "name": "Equations with validity conditions", "description": "A transformation record must retain its notation, approximation order, scale factors, and assumptions before comparison with modern expressions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What transformations are given for coordinates, fields, charge, and current in the selected text?", "kind": "definition", "id": "equations-with-validity-conditions-q01" }, { "text": "To what order in v/c, and under which assumptions, are the claimed correspondences established?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "equations-with-validity-conditions-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-clock-meaning", "name": "Time and clock meaning", "description": "Separate transformed time variables from clock mechanisms and synchronization procedures.", "findings": [ { "id": "local-time-operational-bridge", "name": "Local-time operational bridge", "description": "Lorentz's 1904 argument relates corresponding moving-system behavior to local time; the model must separately document any identification with synchronized clock readings. [Primary text](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_phenomena)", "questions": [ { "text": "How does the formulation distinguish local time from time in the ether rest frame?", "kind": "definition", "id": "local-time-operational-bridge-q01" }, { "text": "Which clock and synchronization assumptions connect its time variables to measurements?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "local-time-operational-bridge-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-response-to-ether-motion", "name": "Material response to ether motion", "description": "Represent the physical assumptions needed to explain the behavior of measuring bodies and clocks.", "rationale": "Optical predictions cannot be assessed independently of the theory's account of the instruments making the measurement.", "layers": [ { "id": "rods-and-equilibrium", "name": "Rods and equilibrium", "description": "Track how motion-dependent dimensions are justified.", "findings": [ { "id": "contraction-dependencies", "name": "Contraction dependencies", "description": "Lorentz's 1904 treatment connects moving-body deformation to assumptions about interparticle forces and equilibrium. [Primary text](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_phenomena)", "questions": [ { "text": "Is longitudinal contraction postulated, derived from specified forces, or obtained through a mixture of assumptions and derivation?", "kind": "definition", "id": "contraction-dependencies-q01" }, { "text": "Which equilibrium and material assumptions limit application to actual measuring rods?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "contraction-dependencies-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "clocks-and-matter-coverage", "name": "Clocks and matter coverage", "description": "Determine which material processes support claims about moving clocks.", "findings": [ { "id": "clock-behavior-support", "name": "Clock behavior support", "description": "Require an explicit mechanism or assumption linking modeled matter to clock rates before extending a time transformation to arbitrary clocks.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which physical clock process is modeled, and what motion-dependent rate does the argument establish?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "clock-behavior-support-q01" }, { "text": "What additional assumptions are needed to extend this result to other clocks or non-electromagnetic interactions?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "clock-behavior-support-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "experiments-and-relativity-comparison", "name": "Experiments and relativity comparison", "description": "Connect complete predictions to experiments and assess the limits of equivalence claims.", "rationale": "A null ether-drift result and agreement with special relativity answer different questions unless assumptions and observables are specified.", "layers": [ { "id": "ether-drift-predictions", "name": "Ether-drift predictions", "description": "Associate an experimental result with the complete formulation used to predict it.", "findings": [ { "id": "complete-interferometer-prediction", "name": "Complete interferometer prediction", "description": "Lorentz's 1904 discussion links Michelson's negative result to motion-dependent body dimensions, making apparatus behavior part of the explanation. [Primary text](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_phenomena)", "questions": [ { "text": "What fringe shift or other observable follows after including both light propagation and the modeled response of the apparatus?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "complete-interferometer-prediction-q01" }, { "text": "Which formulation-specific claim does the cited experiment actually constrain?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "complete-interferometer-prediction-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "qualified-empirical-equivalence", "name": "Qualified empirical equivalence", "description": "Assess agreement with special relativity over explicitly defined predictions and domains.", "findings": [ { "id": "equivalence-proof-obligations", "name": "Equivalence proof obligations", "description": "Treat empirical equivalence as a claim requiring matched observables and stated dynamical assumptions; distinguish it from interpretive agreement.", "questions": [ { "text": "For which observables and physical regimes has agreement with the specified special-relativistic formulation been demonstrated?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "equivalence-proof-obligations-q01" }, { "text": "What derivation or counterexample would justify accepting, narrowing, or rejecting the equivalence claim?", "kind": "action", "id": "equivalence-proof-obligations-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The name covers evolving historical proposals and later reconstructions; research should identify which formulation is intended before asserting exact empirical equivalence.", "The supplied domain code INF.MED should be checked: the referent is a physical theory, not a particular publication or information carrier.", "This description is based on recall; no sources were consulted." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Lorentz ether theory this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Lorentz's historical electron-theory formulations", "Later neo-Lorentzian interpretations of special relativity" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Lorentz ether theory this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Historical study of the development of electrodynamics and special relativity", "Philosophical comparison of empirically equivalent theories with different accounts of space, time and simultaneity", "Teaching the distinction between Lorentz symmetry and the interpretation of a preferred reference frame" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Lorentz ether theory this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Treating Lorentz's successive historical formulations as one unchanged, fully developed theory", "Claiming that ether-drift null results alone distinguish special relativity from an empirically equivalent Lorentzian formulation", "Confusing an undetectable preferred frame with experimentally established evidence for an ether", "Extending equivalence with special relativity to gravitation without specifying an additional gravitational theory" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Lorentz ether theory this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Special relativity", "difference": "Special relativity requires no preferred inertial frame or absolute simultaneity; Lorentz ether theory retains an underlying preferred ether frame." }, { "name": "Luminiferous ether", "difference": "The ether is a proposed physical medium; Lorentz ether theory is a particular theoretical framework involving that medium and the behavior of moving matter." }, { "name": "Lorentz transformations", "difference": "These are mathematical transformations between spacetime coordinates, used in both frameworks; they do not by themselves imply an ether." }, { "name": "Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction", "difference": "This is a contraction hypothesis for bodies moving through the ether, forming part of the historical explanation rather than the whole theory." }, { "name": "Lorentz-violating theories", "difference": "These permit departures from Lorentz symmetry that may be measurable; a preferred frame in an empirically equivalent Lorentz ether formulation does not entail observable Lorentz violation." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Lorentz ether theory this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should this registry entry use a particular historical formulation as its reference point, or explicitly organize multiple formulations under one conceptual identity?", "Which corrections and interpretive contributions associated with Poincaré belong within the entry, and which require links to separately modeled contributions?", "Which primary passages establish an operational interpretation of local time for each included formulation?", "Under exactly which assumptions do the included formulations reproduce special-relativistic predictions, and where do their matter models leave gaps?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already own this concept, requiring this registry entry to link to it instead of receiving a separate publication?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 13, "questions": 21 } }