{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T20:28:17Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 3,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T10:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T06:57:49+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:55+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q1878571",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.dark-fibre",
    "name": "dark fibre",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.3",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "XCT.QTY"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1878571/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.dark-fibre",
    "name": "dark fibre",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain what dark fibre is and how it differs from lit services, relay contract, technical and regulatory considerations in general terms, and separate dark fibre from wavelength services, duct access and unused capacity in general.",
    "definition": "Optical fibre that has been installed but is not lit by the owner, leased or sold to a customer who connects their own transmission equipment at both ends; dark fibre gives the customer full control of capacity and technology and is used by carriers, data centres, enterprises, research networks and public bodies.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Private optical connectivity under the customer control.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain dark fibre and its use",
      "compare it with lit and wavelength services",
      "relay technical parameters and contract terms in general terms",
      "relay regulatory access rules where they exist"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Unlit by the owner",
      "Customer controls capacity and technology",
      "Sold by pair or strand, often as long-term rights",
      "Requires customer equipment and expertise"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not distinguishable by eye; fibre strands in cables and ducts without transmission equipment attached.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Fibre leased or sold without equipment",
      "Customer lights it with own transceivers",
      "Managed wavelength and Ethernet services are lit by the provider"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "attenuation",
        "typical_range": "about 0.2-0.4",
        "unit": "dB per km",
        "note": "single-mode at common wavelengths"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "lease term",
        "typical_range": "1-20",
        "unit": "years",
        "note": "IRUs at the long end"
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "leased dark fibre pairs",
      "indefeasible rights of use",
      "managed dark fibre with maintenance included",
      "metro, long-haul and submarine dark fibre",
      "regulated dark fibre access products"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "telecommunications capacity",
        "why": "a form of connectivity"
      },
      {
        "relation": "uses",
        "target": "optical fibre",
        "why": "the physical medium"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is contrasted with",
        "target": "wavelength service",
        "why": "a lit service"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is regulated by",
        "target": "telecommunications regulator",
        "why": "access rules in some markets"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "ITU-T fibre standards such as G.652",
      "Regulatory access obligations on dominant operators in some markets",
      "Contract terms for IRUs and leases"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Fibre cuts and repair responsibility disputes",
      "Mismatch between fibre characteristics and equipment",
      "Stranded assets after technology change"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Report the route, length and characteristics of dark fibre for its owner or lessee.",
        "Match a fibre's characteristics with the equipment the customer plans to light it with."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Light, tap or connect to dark fibre the agent's principal does not own or lease.",
        "Disclose the routes of fibre that carry critical traffic beyond those who need them.",
        "Dig or work near buried fibre without checking the utility records.",
        "Misstate fibre condition or loss to win or keep a lease."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Signing, ending or transferring a fibre lease.",
        "Cutting or rerouting fibre during repair work."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Fibre routes are critical infrastructure; their exposure can help those who want to disrupt them.",
        "Access to dark fibre affects which carriers can compete and which areas get service."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Lessees and their customers",
        "Owners of the network",
        "Communities that depend on the route"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The network owner who installed it and the customer who leases it under contract.",
      "master_systems": [
        "Utility and network asset records"
      ]
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q1878571: dark fibre",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1878571",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Dark fibre",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_fibre",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "what",
        "name": "What",
        "description": "What dark fibre is.",
        "rationale": "Definition.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "definition",
            "name": "Definition",
            "description": "Definition.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "definition-finding",
                "name": "Definition",
                "description": "Definition.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is dark fibre, and how does it differ from lit services?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the question about dark fibre, a wavelength service or duct access?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "use",
            "name": "Use",
            "description": "Who uses it.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "use-finding",
                "name": "Use",
                "description": "Use.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Who buys dark fibre and for what purposes?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits optical networking?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "technical",
        "name": "Technical",
        "description": "Fibre parameters.",
        "rationale": "Engineering.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "parameters",
            "name": "Parameters",
            "description": "Parameters.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "parameters-finding",
                "name": "Parameters",
                "description": "Parameters.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which fibre parameters matter, and how are they measured and specified?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which standards define them?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "lighting",
            "name": "Lighting",
            "description": "Lighting the fibre.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "lighting-finding",
                "name": "Lighting",
                "description": "Lighting.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What equipment and expertise does lighting dark fibre require?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits optical transceivers?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "commercial",
        "name": "Commercial",
        "description": "Contracts and regulation.",
        "rationale": "Business.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "contracts",
            "name": "Contracts",
            "description": "Leases and IRUs.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "contracts-finding",
                "name": "Contracts",
                "description": "Contracts.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are dark fibre leases and IRUs structured, in general terms?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the user asking for contract advice, which needs a professional?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "regulation",
            "name": "Regulation",
            "description": "Access regulation.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "regulation-finding",
                "name": "Regulation",
                "description": "Regulation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Where do regulators mandate dark fibre access, and on what terms?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits telecommunications regulation?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "context",
        "name": "Context",
        "description": "Market and history.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "market",
            "name": "Market",
            "description": "Market.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "market-finding",
                "name": "Market",
                "description": "Market.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is the dark fibre market organised, with figures and sources?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which sources are cited?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did dark fibre emerge from overbuilding and become a product?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should IRUs be a separate entry?",
    "How should regulatory access products be linked by country?",
    "How should fibre parameters be represented?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}