{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T01:23:35Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 3,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T10:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T06:59:39+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "revisions": [
      {
        "at": "2026-10-07T11:21:50+00:00",
        "engine": "codex",
        "fields": [
          "definition",
          "purpose",
          "visual_identification"
        ],
        "answering_review": "f52e0792eb3c6b99ddf0f320293965811ee85285277125ed4d09cb92b3a38406"
      }
    ],
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T12:16:30+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q1936980",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.sheet-piling",
    "name": "sheet piling",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.3",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.BLT"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q1936980/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.sheet-piling",
    "name": "sheet piling",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain steel sheet piling and its uses, summarise design and installation considerations and applicable standards, describe applications in marine and civil works, and distinguish sheet piling from bearing piles and other retaining walls.",
    "definition": "Sheet piling is a retaining structure made of interlocking steel sheet piles embedded in the ground to form a continuous wall that holds back soil or water, stabilising excavations and riversides and serving in cofferdams, quay walls and flood defences, either temporarily or permanently; its design addresses earth and water pressures under applicable geotechnical codes.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Retaining soil and water.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain materials and profiles",
      "relay design and installation",
      "describe applications",
      "distinguish from other structures"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Interlocking sections",
      "Driven installation",
      "Water and soil retention",
      "Temporary or permanent"
    ],
    "appearance": "A continuous wall of interlocking corrugated sections at an excavation edge or waterfront.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Interlocking steel sheet piles form a continuous retaining wall embedded in the ground.",
      "Vinyl, timber and concrete sheet pile systems fall outside this steel-specific sense.",
      "Bearing piles carry loads vertically, diaphragm walls are cast in place, and gabions are stacked baskets."
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "Steel section thickness",
        "unit": "mm",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Measure at specified locations with calibrated gauges and distinguish nominal thickness from remaining thickness after corrosion."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Pile length",
        "unit": "m",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Measure along the longitudinal axis from one end of an individual sheet pile to the other."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Mass per unit wall area",
        "unit": "kg/m2",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Calculate from section mass and effective installed coverage width for the selected pile profile."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Elastic section modulus per unit wall width",
        "unit": "cm3/m",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Calculate from the section geometry about the relevant bending axis and state the assumed interlock behavior."
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "steel sheet piles in Z and U profiles",
      "vinyl and composite sheet piles",
      "timber sheet piles",
      "concrete sheet piles",
      "combined walls with tubular piles",
      "anchored and cantilever sheet pile walls"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "fixed construction",
        "why": "in registry terms"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "retaining wall",
        "why": "in engineering terms"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is installed by",
        "target": "pile driver",
        "why": "or vibratory hammer"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is used in",
        "target": "cofferdam",
        "why": "construction"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "EN 10248",
        "value_or_pattern": "hot-rolled sheet piles",
        "note": "standard"
      },
      {
        "scheme": "EN 1993-5",
        "value_or_pattern": "Eurocode 3 piling",
        "note": "design"
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Eurocode 7 and Eurocode 3 part 5",
      "National geotechnical design codes",
      "Noise and vibration rules for driving",
      "Environmental permits for waterfront works"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Overturning and toe failure",
      "Interlock declutching and leakage",
      "Corrosion",
      "Driving noise and vibration damage"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Monitor deflection, groundwater and loads on sheet piling for the contractor or owner.",
        "Record pile positions and driving logs on sites it is authorized to document."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Approve excavation beside sheet piling that has not been checked by a qualified engineer.",
        "Ignore excess movement, leaks or nearby building cracks that monitoring shows.",
        "Direct people into an excavation when the retaining wall shows signs of failure.",
        "Hide vibration readings that exceed limits near neighbouring buildings."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Stopping or resuming work after a monitoring alarm.",
        "Removing piling that may hold back soil or water."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "A failed retaining wall can bury workers or flood an excavation.",
        "Pile driving vibration and noise affect neighbours and old buildings."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Construction workers",
        "Neighbours and adjoining owners",
        "Passers-by"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The contractor during works; the asset owner for permanent walls.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q1936980: sheet piling",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1936980",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Larssen sheet piling",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larssen_sheet_piling",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What sheet piling is.",
        "rationale": "Definition.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "definition",
            "name": "Definition",
            "description": "Definition and materials.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "definition-finding",
                "name": "Definition",
                "description": "Definition.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is sheet piling, and what materials and profiles are used?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the structure sheet piling, bearing piling or a cast wall?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "applications",
            "name": "Applications",
            "description": "Applications.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "applications-finding",
                "name": "Applications",
                "description": "Applications.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Where is sheet piling used, from cofferdams and quays to flood defences?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the specific application?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "design",
        "name": "Design",
        "description": "Design.",
        "rationale": "Engineering.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "analysis",
            "name": "Analysis",
            "description": "Design analysis.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "analysis-finding",
                "name": "Analysis",
                "description": "Analysis.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are sheet pile walls designed for earth and water pressures, anchors and embedment?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "durability",
            "name": "Durability",
            "description": "Durability.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "durability-finding",
                "name": "Durability",
                "description": "Durability.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are corrosion and service life addressed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits corrosion protection?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "build",
        "name": "Build",
        "description": "Installation.",
        "rationale": "Practice.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "installation",
            "name": "Installation",
            "description": "Installation methods.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "installation-finding",
                "name": "Installation",
                "description": "Installation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are sheet piles driven, vibrated or pressed, and how are noise and vibration managed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which sources are cited?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "safety",
            "name": "Safety",
            "description": "Safety.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "safety-finding",
                "name": "Safety",
                "description": "Safety.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What safety and environmental rules apply to sheet piling works?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits construction safety?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "context",
        "name": "Context",
        "description": "History and sustainability.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did sheet piling develop from timber to the Larssen steel profile?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the history of civil engineering?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "sustainability",
            "name": "Sustainability",
            "description": "Reuse and recycling.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "sustainability-finding",
                "name": "Sustainability",
                "description": "Sustainability.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are sheet piles reused and recycled, and what is their carbon footprint, as reported?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits sustainable construction?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should cofferdam and quay wall be separate entries?",
    "How should design codes be linked?",
    "How should reuse of temporary piles be recorded?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}