{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-10-21T21:11:21Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "researched by Claude against the sources listed below",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 5,
    "engine": "claude",
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-21T21:27:15+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "8 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q19609",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.noble-gases",
    "name": "noble gases",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.5",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.MAT"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q19609/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.noble-gases",
    "name": "noble gases",
    "purpose": "Let an agent give properties, uses and hazards of the noble gases from authoritative data, and explain their chemistry accurately.",
    "definition": "The elements of group 18 of the periodic table: helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon and oganesson. The first six are colourless, odourless, monatomic gases of very low reactivity under ordinary conditions, though heavier ones form some compounds; oganesson's bulk properties have not been observed.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Lighting, welding shielding, cryogenics, medical imaging, lasers and inert atmospheres.",
    "affordances": [
      "give properties of each element from data sources",
      "explain low reactivity and known compounds",
      "describe uses",
      "explain hazards such as asphyxiation and radon"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Full valence electron shells make them very unreactive.",
      "Xenon and krypton form compounds such as XeF2; Neil Bartlett made the first noble gas compound in 1962.",
      "Radon is radioactive and a major cause of lung cancer after smoking."
    ],
    "appearance": "Colourless gases; they glow in characteristic colours in discharge tubes.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Characteristic emission colours when excited in discharge tubes (neon red-orange); no bulk observations exist for oganesson"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "boiling point of helium",
        "typical_range": "4.22",
        "unit": "K",
        "note": "at 1 atm"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "argon in dry air",
        "typical_range": "about 0.93",
        "unit": "% by volume",
        "note": ""
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "helium",
      "neon",
      "argon",
      "krypton",
      "xenon",
      "radon",
      "oganesson (synthetic; properties predicted, not measured)"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is part of",
        "target": "periodic table",
        "why": "group 18"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is used in",
        "target": "welding",
        "why": "shielding gas"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "radon exposure",
        "why": "health hazard"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is confused with",
        "target": "inert gas (industrial)",
        "why": "includes nitrogen"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "IUPAC group",
        "value_or_pattern": "18",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "scheme": "CAS",
        "value_or_pattern": "7440-59-7 (He), 7440-01-9 (Ne), 7440-37-1 (Ar)",
        "note": "per element"
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "IUPAC periodic table",
      "WHO handbook on indoor radon",
      "Gas cylinder and asphyxiant safety rules"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Asphyxiation from oxygen displacement",
      "Radon-related lung cancer",
      "Cryogenic burns from liquefied gases"
    ],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "give properties, uses and safety information"
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "advise inhaling gases",
        "downplay asphyxiation risk"
      ],
      "requires_human": []
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "safety",
        "helium scarcity"
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "workers",
        "residents in radon areas"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "nobody; chemical elements",
      "master_systems": [
        "IUPAC",
        "PubChem"
      ]
    },
    "facets_not_applicable": {},
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "SRC-001",
      "title": "Q19609",
      "publisher": "Wikidata",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19609",
      "what_it_supports": "identity of the registry item, labels and sitelinks",
      "url_status": "live"
    },
    {
      "id": "SRC-002",
      "title": "Noble gas",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_gas",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the subject",
      "url_status": "live"
    },
    {
      "id": "SRC-003",
      "title": "Oganesson - Element information, properties and uses",
      "publisher": "Royal Society of Chemistry",
      "url": "https://periodic-table.rsc.org/element/118/oganesson",
      "what_it_supports": "Established group-18 membership and uncertainty in physical properties.",
      "url_status": "live"
    },
    {
      "id": "SRC-004",
      "title": "Helium - Element information, properties and uses",
      "publisher": "Royal Society of Chemistry",
      "url": "https://periodic-table.rsc.org/element/2/Helium",
      "what_it_supports": "Helium CAS number, 4.222 K boiling point, electron configuration, isotopes and uses.",
      "url_status": "live"
    },
    {
      "id": "SRC-005",
      "title": "Argon - Element information, properties and uses",
      "publisher": "Royal Society of Chemistry",
      "url": "https://periodic-table.rsc.org/element/18/argon/",
      "what_it_supports": "Argon CAS number, approximately 0.93% atmospheric abundance, isotopes and shielding uses.",
      "url_status": "live"
    },
    {
      "id": "SRC-006",
      "title": "Neon",
      "publisher": "NIST Chemistry WebBook",
      "url": "https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=7440-01-9",
      "what_it_supports": "Neon identity and CAS number 7440-01-9.",
      "url_status": "live"
    },
    {
      "id": "SRC-007",
      "title": "Neil Bartlett and the Reactive Noble Gases",
      "publisher": "American Chemical Society",
      "url": "https://www.acs.org/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/bartlettnoblegases.html",
      "what_it_supports": "Bartlett's 1962 discovery and the existence of noble-gas compounds.",
      "url_status": "live"
    },
    {
      "id": "SRC-008",
      "title": "Radon",
      "publisher": "World Health Organization",
      "url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/radon-and-health",
      "what_it_supports": "Radon radioactivity and lung-cancer risk.",
      "url_status": "live"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "element",
        "name": "Element",
        "description": "Which noble gas.",
        "rationale": "Element identity first.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "identity",
            "name": "Identity",
            "description": "Name and number.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "element",
                "name": "Element",
                "description": "Name, symbol, atomic number.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which element is meant?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What is its atomic number?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "isotopes",
            "name": "Isotopes",
            "description": "Isotopes.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "isotope",
                "name": "Isotope",
                "description": "Sample identity, phase, temperature and pressure, measured isotope ratios and provenance; measured vs predicted values.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which isotopes matter here?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Are they radioactive?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "properties",
        "name": "Properties",
        "description": "Physical and chemical.",
        "rationale": "Data come from references.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "physical",
            "name": "Physical",
            "description": "Boiling point, density.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "physical-data",
                "name": "Physical data",
                "description": "Values and source.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are its boiling point and density?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "From which reference?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "chemistry",
            "name": "Chemistry",
            "description": "Compounds.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "compound",
                "name": "Compound",
                "description": "Formula and conditions.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which compounds are known?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Under what conditions?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "uses",
        "name": "Uses",
        "description": "Applications.",
        "rationale": "Uses depend on properties.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "industry",
            "name": "Industry",
            "description": "Welding, lighting, lasers.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "use",
                "name": "Use",
                "description": "Application.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is it used?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What purity is needed?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "supply",
            "name": "Supply",
            "description": "Production.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "supply",
                "name": "Supply",
                "description": "Source and constraints.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is it produced?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is supply constrained?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "safety",
        "name": "Safety",
        "description": "Hazards.",
        "rationale": "Some are dangerous.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "asphyxiation",
            "name": "Asphyxiation",
            "description": "Oxygen displacement.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "asphyxiation-risk",
                "name": "Asphyxiation risk",
                "description": "Controls.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What controls prevent asphyxiation?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which monitoring is used?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "radon",
            "name": "Radon",
            "description": "Radioactivity.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "radon-level",
                "name": "Radon level",
                "description": "Value and reference.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What radon level was measured?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Against which reference level?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}