{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T01:44:01Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude", "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T10:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:04:11+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "owners" ] }, "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:56+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q196538", "registryId": "vr.tr.microscope", "name": "microscope", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q196538/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.microscope", "name": "microscope", "purpose": "Let an agent explain microscopes and their kinds, relay principles, resolution limits and uses from reference sources, describe modern imaging systems, and distinguish microscopes from magnifiers, telescopes and imaging readers.", "definition": "An instrument that magnifies objects too small to see with the unaided eye, from simple and compound optical microscopes using visible light, through fluorescence and confocal microscopes, to electron microscopes, scanning probe microscopes and X-ray microscopes including synchrotron, fluorescence and nano X-ray instruments, and automated imaging systems for biology such as multi-mode readers; microscopes are essential in biology, medicine, materials science and manufacturing.", "what_it_is_for": "Magnifying and imaging small objects.", "affordances": [ "explain kinds and principles", "relay resolution and limits", "describe applications", "distinguish from related instruments" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Magnification and resolution", "Multiple physical principles", "Diffraction limit and its circumvention", "Automation and digital imaging" ], "appearance": "A stand with eyepieces, objectives and a stage, or a large cabinet instrument for electron and X-ray systems.", "visual_identification": [ "Instrument for magnifying small objects", "Optical, fluorescence, confocal, electron, probe and X-ray microscopes", "A magnifying glass is a single lens; a telescope images distant objects; a plate reader measures rather than images" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "optical resolution limit", "typical_range": "about 200", "unit": "nm", "note": "diffraction limit" }, { "quantity": "electron microscope resolution", "typical_range": "under 0.1", "unit": "nm", "note": "best instruments" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "simple and compound optical microscopes", "stereo microscopes", "fluorescence and confocal microscopes", "super-resolution microscopes", "transmission and scanning electron microscopes", "scanning probe microscopes", "X-ray microscopes including synchrotron and X-ray fluorescence instruments", "automated imaging readers such as multi-mode cell imagers" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "optical instrument", "why": "in registry terms, for light microscopes" }, { "relation": "is used in", "target": "microscopy", "why": "the technique" }, { "relation": "is limited by", "target": "diffraction limit", "why": "in optical forms" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "telescope", "why": "for distant objects" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "ISO standards for microscope components and calibration", "Laser and radiation safety rules for some instruments", "Medical device rules for diagnostic imaging systems" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Artefacts and misinterpretation", "Laser, electron beam and X-ray hazards", "Confusing instrument types" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Operate, calibrate and record images on a microscope it is authorized to use.", "Describe microscope types and their suitable uses." ], "must_not": [ "Report observations as diagnostic findings in place of a qualified pathologist.", "Alter or selectively crop micrographs in ways that misrepresent results.", "Expose users to laser or ultraviolet sources with safety interlocks defeated.", "Share images of patient samples without consent or de-identification." ], "requires_human": [ "Signing off a diagnostic slide reading.", "Publishing images that could identify a patient or donor." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Image manipulation is a common form of research fraud with real consequences for patients.", "Samples come from people and animals whose consent and welfare matter." ], "affected_parties": [ "Patients whose samples are examined", "Researchers and students", "Readers of published results" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "The laboratory or institution that owns the instrument.", "master_systems": [ "Laboratory equipment and calibration records" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q196538: microscope", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196538", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Microscope", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscope", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What a microscope is.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "kinds", "name": "Kinds", "description": "Kinds and principles.", "findings": [ { "id": "kinds-finding", "name": "Kinds", "description": "Kinds.", "questions": [ { "text": "What kinds of microscope exist, and on what physical principles do they work?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the instrument a microscope, a magnifier, a telescope or a plate reader?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "resolution", "name": "Resolution", "description": "Resolution and magnification.", "findings": [ { "id": "resolution-finding", "name": "Resolution", "description": "Resolution.", "questions": [ { "text": "What limits resolution, and how do super-resolution and electron microscopes exceed the optical limit?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use", "name": "Use", "description": "Applications.", "rationale": "Practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "biology", "name": "Biology", "description": "Biology and medicine.", "findings": [ { "id": "biology-finding", "name": "Biology", "description": "Biology.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are microscopes used in cell biology, pathology and diagnostics?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "materials", "name": "Materials", "description": "Materials and industry.", "findings": [ { "id": "materials-finding", "name": "Materials", "description": "Materials.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are electron, probe and X-ray microscopes used in materials science and manufacturing?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific technique?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operate", "name": "Operate", "description": "Operation and safety.", "rationale": "Practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "technique", "name": "Technique", "description": "Sample preparation and imaging.", "findings": [ { "id": "technique-finding", "name": "Technique", "description": "Technique.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are samples prepared and images acquired and interpreted?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "safety", "name": "Safety", "description": "Safety and standards.", "findings": [ { "id": "safety-finding", "name": "Safety", "description": "Safety.", "questions": [ { "text": "What safety and calibration standards apply?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits laboratory safety?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "History and future.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did microscopes develop from Leeuwenhoek and Hooke to electron and super-resolution microscopy, including Nobel-recognised advances?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of microscopy?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "future", "name": "Future", "description": "Trends.", "findings": [ { "id": "future-finding", "name": "Future", "description": "Future.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are automation, AI and cryo-electron microscopy changing the field, as reported?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits cryo-electron microscopy?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should optical and electron microscopes be separate primary entries?", "How should standards be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming X-ray instruments and a commercial reader; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }