{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T15:39:38Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 1,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T18:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T13:30:15+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:56+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q19860",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.indo-european",
    "name": "Indo-European",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.1",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "INF.MED"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q19860/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.indo-european",
    "name": "Indo-European",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain the Indo-European language family, its branches, reconstruction methods and origins debates, and support comparing and learning its languages with attributed scholarship.",
    "definition": "A large family of related languages descended from a reconstructed common ancestor, Proto-Indo-European, including the Germanic, Romance, Slavic, Celtic, Baltic, Hellenic, Armenian, Albanian, Indo-Iranian and extinct Anatolian and Tocharian branches, spoken as first languages by nearly half the world population.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Historical linguistics and understanding language relationships.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain the branches and their languages",
      "explain the comparative method and reconstruction",
      "summarise origin hypotheses with attribution",
      "trace cognates across languages"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Descended from Proto-Indo-European",
      "Many branches",
      "Reconstructed by the comparative method",
      "Origins debated"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not physical; languages and reconstructed forms.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Family tree of branches",
      "Systematic sound correspondences",
      "Uralic and Semitic languages are separate families"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "Germanic",
      "Italic and Romance",
      "Balto-Slavic",
      "Indo-Iranian",
      "Celtic, Hellenic, Armenian, Albanian, Anatolian and Tocharian"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "human language",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "includes",
        "target": "Dutch",
        "why": "member language"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is contrasted with",
        "target": "Papuan",
        "why": "other grouping"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is studied by",
        "target": "historical linguistics",
        "why": "field"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "No regulation; scholarly conventions for reconstruction"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Presenting origin hypotheses as settled",
      "Misusing the family for ethnic or nationalist claims",
      "Folk etymologies"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain the Indo-European family, its branches and the reconstruction of its ancestor.",
        "State which hypotheses about origins and homelands are contested."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Use language relatedness to claim racial, ethnic or national superiority.",
        "Present a contested homeland hypothesis as settled fact.",
        "Equate reconstructed language with a people, a culture or ancestry.",
        "Invent reconstructed forms or cognates."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Publishing claims that link genetics, language and ethnic identity."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Indo-European studies were misused to support racist ideology, and still are.",
        "Linguistic ancestry says nothing about the worth of any group."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Speakers of the languages",
        "Groups targeted by ethnic ideologies",
        "Researchers"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns it; the academic community maintains the reconstruction.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q19860: Indo-European",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19860",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Indo-European languages",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-European_languages",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "family",
        "name": "Family",
        "description": "Branches.",
        "rationale": "A tree of languages.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "branches",
            "name": "Branches",
            "description": "Which branch.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "branches-finding",
                "name": "Branches",
                "description": "Branches.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which branch does this language belong to, and which are its closest relatives?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which branches are extinct?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "membership",
            "name": "Membership",
            "description": "Is it Indo-European.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "membership-finding",
                "name": "Membership",
                "description": "Membership.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is this language Indo-European, or does it belong to another family?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which evidence shows it?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "method",
        "name": "Method",
        "description": "Reconstruction.",
        "rationale": "The comparative method.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "comparative",
            "name": "Comparative",
            "description": "Sound laws.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "comparative-finding",
                "name": "Comparative",
                "description": "Comparative method.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does the comparative method reconstruct Proto-Indo-European?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What are examples of sound laws like Grimm law?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "cognates",
            "name": "Cognates",
            "description": "Related words.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "cognates-finding",
                "name": "Cognates",
                "description": "Cognates.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Are these words cognates, according to etymological dictionaries?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What is the reconstructed root?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "origins",
        "name": "Origins",
        "description": "Homeland debates.",
        "rationale": "Hypotheses compete.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "hypotheses",
            "name": "Hypotheses",
            "description": "Steppe and other.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "hypotheses-finding",
                "name": "Hypotheses",
                "description": "Hypotheses.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the main hypotheses on the Indo-European homeland, and which scholars support each?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What do ancient DNA studies add?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "misuse",
            "name": "Misuse",
            "description": "Ideological misuse.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "misuse-finding",
                "name": "Misuse",
                "description": "Misuse.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Does the request use the family to make ethnic or racial claims?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How should the agent separate language from ethnicity?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "Using the knowledge.",
        "rationale": "Relationships aid learning.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "learning",
            "name": "Learning",
            "description": "Language learning.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "learning-finding",
                "name": "Learning",
                "description": "Learning.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can knowing one Indo-European language help learn another?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which false friends arise?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "resources",
            "name": "Resources",
            "description": "Scholarship.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "resources-finding",
                "name": "Resources",
                "description": "Resources.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which introductions and dictionaries cover Indo-European studies?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which are up to date?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should each branch be a separate entry?",
    "How should etymological dictionaries be linked?",
    "How should ancient DNA findings be attributed?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}