{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T14:17:01Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 1,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T17:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T13:28:06+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:29+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q2446093",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.helium-planet",
    "name": "helium planet",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.1",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.SPC"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q2446093/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.helium-planet",
    "name": "helium planet",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain helium planets as a hypothesis, the atmospheric escape mechanism proposed and how observations might test it, with attribution.",
    "definition": "A hypothetical type of planet with a helium-dominated atmosphere, proposed by researchers to form when lighter hydrogen escapes from the atmospheres of warm sub-Neptune planets over time, leaving helium enriched; helium planets have not been confirmed.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Exoplanet atmosphere science.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain the helium planet hypothesis",
      "describe atmospheric escape",
      "summarise observational tests",
      "find the original literature"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Hypothetical",
      "Helium-rich atmosphere",
      "Formed by hydrogen escape",
      "Testable by spectroscopy"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not observed; would be sub-Neptune-sized planets with helium-rich atmospheres.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Hypothetical helium-dominated atmospheres",
      "Proposed for warm sub-Neptunes",
      "Helium escape has been detected in some exoplanets without implying helium planets"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "Planetary mass",
        "unit": "kilograms",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Mass would be inferred from gravitational effects such as stellar radial velocity variations or transit timing variations, and no confirmed population establishes a typical range."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Planetary radius",
        "unit": "kilometers",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Radius would be inferred from transit depth and stellar radius for a transiting candidate, and no confirmed population establishes a typical range."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Atmospheric helium mole fraction",
        "unit": "dimensionless",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Helium abundance would be constrained through atmospheric spectroscopy and modeling, with substantial uncertainty from other atmospheric constituents."
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "helium planet models",
      "evaporating sub-Neptunes (related)",
      "chthonian planets (related end state)"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "hypothetical planet",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is formed by",
        "target": "atmospheric escape",
        "why": "mechanism"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "Chthonian planet",
        "why": "related hypothesis"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is studied by",
        "target": "exoplanet science",
        "why": "field"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "No specific regulation"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Presenting a hypothesis as confirmed",
      "Confusing helium detections with helium planets"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain the helium planet hypothesis, attributing it to the researchers who proposed it.",
        "Report observations relevant to the hypothesis with their uncertainty."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Present helium planets as confirmed.",
        "Present a candidate planet as a helium planet without published evidence."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Announcing a planet as a helium planet in a public catalogue."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Overstated discoveries erode public trust in astronomy.",
        "Correct attribution gives credit to the researchers who proposed the idea."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "The public and students",
        "Researchers"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody: a hypothetical class of objects; the scientific community answers for its classification.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q2446093: helium planet",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2446093",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Helium planet",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_planet",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "hypothesis",
        "name": "Hypothesis",
        "description": "What is proposed.",
        "rationale": "Status is hypothetical.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "idea",
            "name": "Idea",
            "description": "Formation.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "idea-finding",
                "name": "Idea",
                "description": "Formation idea.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How would preferential hydrogen escape leave a helium-rich atmosphere, according to the proposing authors?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Over what timescale?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "status",
            "name": "Status",
            "description": "Evidence.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "status-finding",
                "name": "Status",
                "description": "Evidential status.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Has any helium planet been confirmed?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What evidence would be decisive?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "observations",
        "name": "Observations",
        "description": "Tests.",
        "rationale": "Spectroscopy tests ideas.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "spectra",
            "name": "Spectra",
            "description": "Atmospheric spectra.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "spectra-finding",
                "name": "Spectra",
                "description": "Atmospheric spectra.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which spectral signatures could reveal a helium-dominated atmosphere?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which telescopes can detect them?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "escape",
            "name": "Escape",
            "description": "Observed escape.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "escape-finding",
                "name": "Escape",
                "description": "Observed helium escape.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What do detections of escaping helium around exoplanets show?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Do they support the hypothesis?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "context",
        "name": "Context",
        "description": "Planet populations.",
        "rationale": "Context helps.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "subneptunes",
            "name": "Sub-Neptunes",
            "description": "Population.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "subneptunes-finding",
                "name": "Sub-Neptunes",
                "description": "Sub-Neptunes.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Why are sub-Neptunes common, and how might they evolve?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which surveys found them?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "related",
            "name": "Related",
            "description": "Other hypotheses.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "related-finding",
                "name": "Related",
                "description": "Related hypotheses.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do helium planets relate to stripped cores and chthonian planets?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which is more likely for a given planet?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learning",
        "name": "Learning",
        "description": "Explaining.",
        "rationale": "Clarity matters.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "explain",
            "name": "Explain",
            "description": "Plain language.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "explain-finding",
                "name": "Explain",
                "description": "Plain explanation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can the helium planet idea be explained simply?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which caveats apply?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "sources",
            "name": "Sources",
            "description": "Literature.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "sources-finding",
                "name": "Sources",
                "description": "Literature.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which paper proposed helium planets, and how has it been cited?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Are there critiques?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should atmospheric types be separate entries?",
    "How should detection claims be tracked?",
    "How should models be attributed?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}