{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T05:15:26Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude", "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:59:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:54:21+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "owners" ] }, "revisions": [ { "at": "2026-10-07T11:26:48+00:00", "engine": "codex", "fields": [ "definition" ], "answering_review": "958dc311e45310f88ed46764645f02370325e6bcab4aa1ff25305fc8afad32d3" } ], "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-07T12:16:31+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q24489", "registryId": "vr.tr.coal", "name": "coal", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q24489/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.coal", "name": "coal", "purpose": "Let an agent explain coal as a rock and fuel and its ranks and types, describe mining, use and trade, present environmental, health and policy issues with attribution, and support geology and history questions.", "definition": "A combustible black or brownish sedimentary rock formed from compressed plant remains over millions of years, ranked from lignite through sub-bituminous and bituminous coal to anthracite by carbon content, and classified petrographically into components such as vitrain, clarain, durain and fusain and into thermal coal for power and metallurgical coal for steelmaking; coal powered industrialisation, remains a major energy source, and is the largest single source of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions.", "what_it_is_for": "Combustible sedimentary rock and fuel.", "affordances": [ "explain ranks and types", "describe mining and use", "present environmental and policy issues", "support geology questions" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Carbon-rich", "Ranked", "Fossil fuel", "Emissions concern" ], "appearance": "Black or brown rock.", "visual_identification": [ "Sedimentary rock from plant remains", "Lignite to anthracite; thermal and metallurgical", "Charcoal is made from wood; peat is the precursor; coke is processed coal" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "Calorific value", "unit": "MJ/kg", "typical_range": "", "note": "Measured by calorimetry with the reporting basis and gross or net value specified." }, { "quantity": "Moisture content", "unit": "% by mass", "typical_range": "", "note": "Determined from mass loss under a specified drying method and sample condition." }, { "quantity": "Ash yield", "unit": "% by mass", "typical_range": "", "note": "Determined by weighing the residue after combustion under specified laboratory conditions." }, { "quantity": "Bulk density", "unit": "kg/m3", "typical_range": "", "note": "Measured as sample mass divided by occupied bulk volume with particle size and packing condition recorded." } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "lignite and sub-bituminous coal", "bituminous coal", "anthracite", "metallurgical coal", "coal petrographic components such as vitrain and durain" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "fossil fuel", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "sedimentary rock", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "global warming", "why": "emissions from coal" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "locomotive", "why": "steam locomotives fuelled by coal" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Coal classification standards", "Mining safety regulations", "Emissions and climate policies" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Mining accidents and disease", "Air pollution and emissions", "Partisan presentation of energy policy" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Describe coal ranks, uses and production with sourced figures.", "Report emissions and air quality data related to coal use." ], "must_not": [ "Store or handle coal where it can self-heat and catch fire unchecked.", "Understate the climate and health effects of burning coal.", "Help evade mine safety, emissions or reclamation rules.", "Burn coal indoors without ventilation where carbon monoxide can build up." ], "requires_human": [ "Decisions to open, close or expand a coal mine or plant." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Coal burning is a leading cause of climate change and air pollution deaths.", "Mining towns depend on coal jobs; transition affects their livelihoods." ], "affected_parties": [ "Miners", "People breathing polluted air", "Coal-dependent communities" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "The holder of mining rights or stock; mining authorities licence extraction.", "master_systems": [ "National mining cadastres" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q24489: coal", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Coal", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What coal is.", "rationale": "Geology.", "layers": [ { "id": "formation", "name": "Formation", "description": "Formation and ranks.", "findings": [ { "id": "formation-finding", "name": "Formation", "description": "Formation.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does coal form, and how are ranks from lignite to anthracite defined?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which rank or type is meant?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "types", "name": "Types", "description": "Types and components.", "findings": [ { "id": "types-finding", "name": "Types", "description": "Types.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do thermal and metallurgical coal differ, and what are petrographic components such as vitrain and durain?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits coal petrology?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "industry", "name": "Industry", "description": "Mining and use.", "rationale": "Industry.", "layers": [ { "id": "mining", "name": "Mining", "description": "Mining.", "findings": [ { "id": "mining-finding", "name": "Mining", "description": "Mining.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is coal mined, and what safety and health issues affect miners?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits mining?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "use", "name": "Use", "description": "Use and trade.", "findings": [ { "id": "use-finding", "name": "Use", "description": "Use.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is coal used in power generation, steelmaking and other industries, and how is it traded?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits energy statistics?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "impact", "name": "Impact", "description": "Environment and policy.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "environment", "name": "Environment", "description": "Environmental and health impact.", "findings": [ { "id": "environment-finding", "name": "Environment", "description": "Environment.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the environmental and health impacts of coal, according to scientific and health bodies?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits air pollution?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "policy", "name": "Policy", "description": "Policy debates.", "findings": [ { "id": "policy-finding", "name": "Policy", "description": "Policy.", "questions": [ { "text": "What debates exist about phasing out coal and supporting affected communities, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "learn", "name": "Learn", "description": "History and teaching.", "rationale": "Education.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did coal power industrialisation, and how has its role changed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "teach", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "findings": [ { "id": "teach-finding", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can coal be taught in geology, energy and history?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which misconceptions arise?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should coal mining be a separate entry?", "How should energy statistics be linked?", "How should policy sources be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }