{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T23:44:46Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude"
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q2512777",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.simple-substance",
    "name": "simple substance",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.MAT"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q2512777/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.simple-substance",
    "name": "simple substance",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain simple substances and how they differ from elements as concepts and from compounds, describe allotropes and native elements, and support chemistry learning.",
    "definition": "A pure substance consisting of atoms of a single chemical element, such as iron, oxygen gas, diamond or germanene, as distinct from a compound of several elements, including allotropes such as dioxygen and ozone, diatomic halogens such as dichlorine and diiodine, and native element minerals such as gold and native copper; simple substances are the elemental forms studied in chemistry and mineralogy.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Elemental forms of matter.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain the concept",
      "distinguish from elements and compounds",
      "describe allotropes and native minerals",
      "support learning"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Single element",
      "Allotropy",
      "Molecular or lattice forms",
      "Native occurrence"
    ],
    "appearance": "Elemental materials such as metals, gases and crystals.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Atoms of one element only",
      "Allotropes and molecular forms",
      "A compound contains two or more elements"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "metallic simple substances",
      "diatomic gases and halogens",
      "allotropes such as diamond and graphite",
      "two-dimensional forms such as graphene and germanene",
      "native element minerals"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "pure substance",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "chemical element",
        "why": "the underlying concept"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "chemical compound",
        "why": "contrast"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "mineral",
        "why": "native element minerals"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "IUPAC nomenclature",
      "Safety data for hazardous simple substances",
      "Mineral classification systems"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Confusing element and simple substance",
      "Hazardous elemental forms such as halogens",
      "Confusing allotropes"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": []
  },
  "sources": [],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What a simple substance is.",
        "rationale": "Concepts.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "concept",
            "name": "Concept",
            "description": "Concept and distinctions.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "concept-finding",
                "name": "Concept",
                "description": "Concept.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does a simple substance differ from a chemical element as a concept and from a compound?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Why do some languages distinguish these terms more sharply?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "allotropes",
            "name": "Allotropes",
            "description": "Allotropes.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "allotropes-finding",
                "name": "Allotropes",
                "description": "Allotropes.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are allotropes, and how do forms such as diamond, graphite, dioxygen and ozone differ?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific allotrope?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "properties",
        "name": "Properties",
        "description": "Properties and forms.",
        "rationale": "Chemistry.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "forms",
            "name": "Forms",
            "description": "Molecular and lattice forms.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "forms-finding",
                "name": "Forms",
                "description": "Forms.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Why do some elements exist as diatomic molecules and others as metallic or covalent lattices?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What are two-dimensional forms such as graphene and germanene?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "safety",
            "name": "Safety",
            "description": "Hazards.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "safety-finding",
                "name": "Safety",
                "description": "Safety.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which simple substances are hazardous, such as halogens and alkali metals, and how are they handled safely?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is there a chemical emergency now?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "nature",
        "name": "Nature",
        "description": "In nature and industry.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "minerals",
            "name": "Minerals",
            "description": "Native elements.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "minerals-finding",
                "name": "Minerals",
                "description": "Minerals.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which elements occur natively as minerals, and how are they classified?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific native mineral?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "production",
            "name": "Production",
            "description": "Producing elements.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "production-finding",
                "name": "Production",
                "description": "Production.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are simple substances produced from ores and gases industrially?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits metallurgy?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "Teaching and history.",
        "rationale": "Education.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "teach",
            "name": "Teach",
            "description": "Teaching.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "teach-finding",
                "name": "Teach",
                "description": "Teaching.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can the element versus simple substance distinction be taught?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which misconceptions arise?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did the concept of simple substances develop from Lavoisier onward?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should each allotrope be a separate entry?",
    "How should safety data be linked?",
    "How should mineral databases be linked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}