{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T19:52:27Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude", "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-05T19:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:46:50+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "owners" ] }, "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:29+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q25352882", "registryId": "vr.tr.b-e-type-star", "name": "B[e]-type star", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.SPC" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q25352882/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.b-e-type-star", "name": "B[e]-type star", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the B[e] phenomenon and its subclasses, describe how such stars are identified and studied, and present current interpretations with attribution.", "definition": "A hot B-type star showing forbidden emission lines in its spectrum together with a strong infrared excess from surrounding dust, indicating a dense circumstellar environment; the B[e] phenomenon occurs in stars of different evolutionary states, including supergiants, pre-main-sequence stars and symbiotic binaries, so the class is defined by spectral features rather than a single evolutionary stage.", "what_it_is_for": "Stellar astrophysics of hot stars with circumstellar matter.", "affordances": [ "explain the defining spectral features", "describe subclasses by evolutionary state", "summarise interpretations with attribution", "find catalogues and data" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "B-type spectrum", "Forbidden emission lines", "Circumstellar dust", "Heterogeneous class" ], "appearance": "Not visible as such; hot blue stars with emission lines and infrared excess in spectra.", "visual_identification": [ "Forbidden emission lines", "Strong infrared excess", "Classical Be stars lack forbidden lines and strong dust excess" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "Effective temperature", "unit": "kelvin", "typical_range": "", "note": "Temperature is estimated by fitting stellar atmosphere models to spectra while accounting for circumstellar emission." }, { "quantity": "Luminosity", "unit": "watt", "typical_range": "", "note": "Luminosity is inferred from integrated radiation, distance and extinction corrections and varies across evolutionary subclasses." }, { "quantity": "Forbidden emission line equivalent width", "unit": "nanometre", "typical_range": "", "note": "Equivalent width is measured relative to the local spectral continuum for an identified forbidden transition." }, { "quantity": "Infrared excess flux density", "unit": "jansky", "typical_range": "", "note": "Infrared excess is measured as flux density above the estimated stellar photospheric contribution at a specified wavelength." } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "B[e] supergiants", "pre-main-sequence B[e] stars", "compact planetary nebula B[e] stars", "symbiotic B[e] stars", "unclassified B[e] stars" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "B-type star", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "emission-line star", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "FK Comae Berenices variable", "why": "other peculiar stars" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "celestial body", "why": "broader class" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "No regulation; classification conventions in the literature" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Confusing with classical Be stars", "Presenting a single origin for a heterogeneous class" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Explain the B[e] phenomenon and the types of star in which it appears.", "Report catalogued B[e] stars with their sources and classification status." ], "must_not": [ "Present a tentative classification as settled.", "Invent stellar parameters for objects that have not been measured." ], "requires_human": [ "Publishing a new classification of a star as B[e]." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Accurate catalogues let researchers build on each other's work." ], "affected_parties": [ "Astronomers", "Students and readers" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "Nobody owns the stars; astronomical catalogues record them.", "master_systems": [ "Astronomical object databases" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q25352882: B[e]-type star", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25352882", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: B(e) star", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%28e%29_star", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "define", "name": "Define", "description": "The B[e] phenomenon.", "rationale": "Spectral features.", "layers": [ { "id": "features", "name": "Features", "description": "Defining features.", "findings": [ { "id": "features-finding", "name": "Features", "description": "Features.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which spectral features define a B[e] star, and how are they observed?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How does it differ from a classical Be star?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "environment", "name": "Environment", "description": "Circumstellar matter.", "findings": [ { "id": "environment-finding", "name": "Environment", "description": "Circumstellar matter.", "questions": [ { "text": "What kind of disc or envelope produces the forbidden lines and infrared excess?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How is it modelled?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classes", "name": "Classes", "description": "Subclasses.", "rationale": "Different stages.", "layers": [ { "id": "subclass", "name": "Subclass", "description": "Which subclass.", "findings": [ { "id": "subclass-finding", "name": "Subclass", "description": "Subclass.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this star a B[e] supergiant, pre-main-sequence object, symbiotic binary or unclassified?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which criteria decide?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "supergiants", "name": "Supergiants", "description": "B[e] supergiants.", "findings": [ { "id": "supergiants-finding", "name": "Supergiants", "description": "Supergiants.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is known about B[e] supergiants and their mass loss?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Where are they found?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "science", "name": "Science", "description": "Interpretation.", "rationale": "Attribute findings.", "layers": [ { "id": "models", "name": "Models", "description": "Proposed explanations.", "findings": [ { "id": "models-finding", "name": "Models", "description": "Explanations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which explanations, such as binarity or rapid rotation, are proposed for the B[e] phenomenon, and by whom?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Where do they disagree?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations", "name": "Observations", "description": "Key observations.", "findings": [ { "id": "observations-finding", "name": "Observations", "description": "Observations.", "questions": [ { "text": "What have interferometry and spectroscopy revealed about specific B[e] stars?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which are best studied?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "data", "name": "Data", "description": "Resources.", "rationale": "Catalogues.", "layers": [ { "id": "catalogues", "name": "Catalogues", "description": "Where to find them.", "findings": [ { "id": "catalogues-finding", "name": "Catalogues", "description": "Catalogues.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which catalogues list B[e] stars?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How can spectra be accessed?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "explain", "name": "Explain", "description": "Plain language.", "findings": [ { "id": "explain-finding", "name": "Explain", "description": "Plain explanation.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can B[e] stars be explained simply and accurately?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which caveats apply?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each subclass be a separate entry?", "How should catalogues be linked?", "How should interpretations be attributed?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }