{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-10-22T12:52:07Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "researched by Claude against the sources listed below",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 5,
    "engine": "claude",
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-22T13:10:30+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "8 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q253623",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.patent",
    "name": "patent",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.5",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "INF.MED"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q253623/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.patent",
    "name": "patent",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain patents, how they are granted, searched and enforced, and point to patent office databases, without legal advice.",
    "definition": "A legal right granted by a state or regional authority to an inventor or assignee to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, selling or importing an invention as defined by its claims, for a limited time (usually 20 years from filing for invention patents), in exchange for public disclosure; it does not itself authorise the holder to practise the invention.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Encouraging invention and disclosure.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain patentability criteria (novelty, inventive step, industrial application)",
      "explain the application process in general terms",
      "search patent databases",
      "explain patent documents and kind codes"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Patents are territorial; the PCT allows one international application, but grants are national or regional.",
      "The European Patent Office grants European patents; the Unitary Patent took effect on 1 June 2023.",
      "Design patents (US) and utility models are related but different rights."
    ],
    "appearance": null,
    "visual_identification": [
      "Published patent documents carry bibliographic identifiers, a description, claims and, where applicable, drawings"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "usual term (invention patents)",
        "typical_range": "20",
        "unit": "years",
        "note": "from filing; US design patents filed since 13 May 2015 last 15 years from grant"
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "utility (invention) patent",
      "design patent (US)",
      "plant patent (US)",
      "European patent",
      "Unitary Patent"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "intellectual property right",
        "why": "right"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is granted by",
        "target": "patent office",
        "why": "authority"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is described in",
        "target": "patent document",
        "why": "publication"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "utility model and registered design",
        "why": "related rights"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "publication number",
        "value_or_pattern": "office prefix (WIPO ST.3) + number + kind code (ST.16), such as EP1234567B1",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "scheme": "DOCDB family ID",
        "value_or_pattern": "numeric",
        "note": "patent families"
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Paris Convention (1883)",
      "TRIPS Agreement",
      "Patent Cooperation Treaty",
      "European Patent Convention",
      "WIPO standards ST.3, ST.9 and ST.16"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Infringement disputes",
      "Low-quality patents",
      "Loss of rights from missed deadlines"
    ],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "explain the system and search public databases"
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "give legal opinions on validity or infringement"
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "patent attorneys for filings and opinions"
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "access to medicines and technology",
        "fair competition"
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "inventors",
        "the public"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "the patent holder; patent offices administer grants",
      "master_systems": [
        "Espacenet",
        "WIPO PATENTSCOPE",
        "national patent registers"
      ]
    },
    "facets_not_applicable": {},
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "SRC-001",
      "title": "Q253623",
      "publisher": "Wikidata",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253623",
      "what_it_supports": "identity of the registry item, labels and sitelinks",
      "url_status": "live"
    },
    {
      "id": "SRC-002",
      "title": "Patent",
      "publisher": "Wikipedia",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the subject",
      "url_status": "live"
    },
    {
      "id": "SRC-003",
      "title": "Frequently Asked Questions: Patents",
      "publisher": "World Intellectual Property Organization",
      "url": "https://www.wipo.int/en/web/patents/faq_patents",
      "what_it_supports": "Definition, disclosure, territoriality, usual term, patentability, national and regional grants, and related utility-model protection.",
      "url_status": "live"
    },
    {
      "id": "SRC-004",
      "title": "1502 - Definition of a Design",
      "publisher": "United States Patent and Trademark Office",
      "url": "https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/s1502.html",
      "what_it_supports": "US design patents, distinction from utility patents and different term calculations.",
      "url_status": "live"
    },
    {
      "id": "SRC-005",
      "title": "PCT Applicant's Guide: Introduction to the International Phase",
      "publisher": "World Intellectual Property Organization",
      "url": "https://pctlegal.wipo.int/eGuide/view-doc.xhtml?advancedBrowsing=true&doc-code=pctip&doc-lang=en&doc-type=guide",
      "what_it_supports": "PCT application process, descriptions, claims and conditional inclusion of drawings.",
      "url_status": "live"
    },
    {
      "id": "SRC-006",
      "title": "List of WIPO Standards, Recommendations and Guidelines",
      "publisher": "World Intellectual Property Organization",
      "url": "https://www.wipo.int/en/web/standards/part_03_standards",
      "what_it_supports": "Issuer and functions of ST.3 and ST.16.",
      "url_status": "live"
    },
    {
      "id": "SRC-007",
      "title": "When was the Unitary Patent system launched?",
      "publisher": "European Patent Office",
      "url": "https://www.epo.org/en/service-support/faq/law-practice/unitary-patent/start-date-new-system/when-was-unitary-patent",
      "what_it_supports": "Launch on 1 June 2023 and the EPO's administrative role.",
      "url_status": "live"
    },
    {
      "id": "SRC-008",
      "title": "DOCDB simple patent family",
      "publisher": "European Patent Office",
      "url": "https://www.epo.org/en/searching-for-patents/helpful-resources/first-time-here/patent-families/docdb",
      "what_it_supports": "DOCDB family identity and grouping of related patent applications.",
      "url_status": "live"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "patent",
        "name": "Patent",
        "description": "Which patent.",
        "rationale": "Identity first.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "identity",
            "name": "Identity",
            "description": "Number.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "patent",
                "name": "Patent",
                "description": "Number and kind code.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which patent?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which office?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "family",
            "name": "Family",
            "description": "Related documents.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "family",
                "name": "Family",
                "description": "Members.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which family members?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Per which database?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "content",
        "name": "Content",
        "description": "Invention.",
        "rationale": "Claims define scope.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "claims",
            "name": "Claims",
            "description": "Scope.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "claims",
                "name": "Claims",
                "description": "Independent claims.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What do the claims cover?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "In which version?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "classification",
            "name": "Classification",
            "description": "IPC and CPC.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "classification",
                "name": "Classification",
                "description": "Codes.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which classification codes?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Per which office?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "status",
        "name": "Status",
        "description": "Legal status.",
        "rationale": "Status changes.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "status",
            "name": "Status",
            "description": "In force.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "status",
                "name": "Status",
                "description": "Status and date.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is it in force?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Per which register?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "term",
            "name": "Term",
            "description": "Expiry.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "expiry",
                "name": "Expiry",
                "description": "Date.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "When does it expire?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Including extensions?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "process",
        "name": "Process",
        "description": "Prosecution.",
        "rationale": "Procedures differ.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "application",
            "name": "Application",
            "description": "Filing.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "filing",
                "name": "Filing",
                "description": "Date and route.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "When and how was it filed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "National, regional or PCT?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "opposition",
            "name": "Opposition",
            "description": "Challenges.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "challenge",
                "name": "Challenge",
                "description": "Proceeding.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Were there oppositions?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "With which outcome?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "The registry merges country-specific patents and historical types (German Imperial Patent); they can be linked as kinds."
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}