{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T20:51:21Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:50:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:45:07+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:29+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q26540",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.artificial-satellite",
    "name": "artificial satellite",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.OBJ"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q26540/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.artificial-satellite",
    "name": "artificial satellite",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain satellite types and functions, identify and track satellites with public data, explain space law and debris issues, and support education and public interest.",
    "definition": "A human-made object placed in orbit around Earth or another body, from communication, navigation, weather and Earth observation satellites to scientific and military satellites, tiny picosatellites and derelict spacecraft; satellites are launched by rockets, registered under space law, tracked as they orbit, and raise issues of debris and sustainability.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Communications, navigation, observation and science from orbit.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain satellite types and orbits",
      "identify and track satellites",
      "explain registration, licensing and debris rules",
      "support observing satellites"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Human-made",
      "Orbiting",
      "Function-specific",
      "Registered and tracked"
    ],
    "appearance": "Spacecraft with solar panels and antennas, seen from Earth as moving points of light.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Orbiting human-made object",
      "Moving steadily across the night sky",
      "Natural satellites such as the Moon are not artificial"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "Mass",
        "unit": "kg",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Determine mass from spacecraft measurements and propellant accounting for a stated mission phase."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Maximum deployed dimension",
        "unit": "m",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Measure the greatest end-to-end extent with antennas and other deployable structures in their stated configuration."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Orbital period",
        "unit": "s",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Determine the time for one orbit from tracking data and specify the central body and observation epoch."
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Projected area",
        "unit": "m2",
        "typical_range": "",
        "note": "Calculate the silhouette area for a stated viewing or flight direction and spacecraft attitude."
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "communication satellites",
      "navigation satellites",
      "Earth observation and weather satellites",
      "scientific and research satellites",
      "small satellites such as picosatellites and derelict satellites"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "spacecraft",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "artificial celestial body",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "communicates with",
        "target": "radio communication station",
        "why": "ground stations"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is threatened by",
        "target": "magnetic cloud",
        "why": "space weather"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "NORAD catalogue number",
        "value_or_pattern": "satellite catalogue number",
        "note": "tracking identifier"
      },
      {
        "scheme": "COSPAR ID",
        "value_or_pattern": "international designator",
        "note": "launch identifier"
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Outer Space Treaty and Registration Convention",
      "ITU frequency and orbit coordination",
      "Space debris mitigation guidelines"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Space debris and collisions",
      "Uncontrolled re-entry",
      "Interference with astronomy"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Report a satellite's orbit, operator and status from public registers and catalogues.",
        "Explain satellite types, orbits and the services they provide.",
        "Warn operators of predicted close approaches from shared tracking data."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Send commands to a satellite it is not authorized to control.",
        "Help jam, spoof or interfere with satellite signals.",
        "Assist in damaging a satellite or creating debris.",
        "Use satellite imagery to track a specific person without lawful basis."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Manoeuvring or deorbiting a satellite.",
        "Releasing high-resolution imagery of sensitive sites or individuals."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Navigation, weather and communication depend on satellites; disruption harms millions.",
        "Debris and crowded orbits threaten everyone's access to space."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Users of satellite services",
        "Other operators in orbit",
        "People on the ground under imaging"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The operator; the launching state answers internationally and registers it.",
      "master_systems": [
        "UN Register of Objects Launched into Outer Space",
        "National space object registers"
      ]
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q26540: artificial satellite",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Satellite",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "types",
        "name": "Types",
        "description": "Kinds of satellite.",
        "rationale": "Function and orbit.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "function",
            "name": "Function",
            "description": "What satellites do.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "function-finding",
                "name": "Function",
                "description": "Function.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What type of satellite is this, what does it do, and who operates it, according to public records?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which orbit does it use, and why?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "orbits",
            "name": "Orbits",
            "description": "Orbit types.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "orbits-finding",
                "name": "Orbits",
                "description": "Orbits.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do low Earth, medium, geostationary and other orbits differ in use?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How long do satellites stay in orbit?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "track",
        "name": "Track",
        "description": "Finding satellites.",
        "rationale": "Public data.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "observe",
            "name": "Observe",
            "description": "Seeing satellites.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "observe-finding",
                "name": "Observe",
                "description": "Observing.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "When can this satellite or the International Space Station be seen from this location?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which public tracking services provide predictions?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "identify",
            "name": "Identify",
            "description": "Identifying an object.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "identify-finding",
                "name": "Identify",
                "description": "Identification.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is this satellite, given its catalogue number or observed pass?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is it active or derelict?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "law",
        "name": "Law",
        "description": "Governance.",
        "rationale": "Rules in orbit.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "registration",
            "name": "Registration",
            "description": "Registration and licensing.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "registration-finding",
                "name": "Registration",
                "description": "Registration.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which state registered this satellite, and which licences and frequency coordination apply?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Who is liable for damage?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "debris",
            "name": "Debris",
            "description": "Debris and sustainability.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "debris-finding",
                "name": "Debris",
                "description": "Debris.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which debris mitigation rules apply, and how is end of life handled?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What are the debates on megaconstellations, attributed to their proponents and critics?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "Education and history.",
        "rationale": "Satellites in society.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History of satellites.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did artificial satellites develop from Sputnik onward, according to historians?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which missions were milestones?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "build",
            "name": "Build",
            "description": "Small satellites.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "build-finding",
                "name": "Build",
                "description": "Small satellites.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are picosatellites and CubeSats built and launched by universities and companies?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which rules apply to small satellite projects?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should each satellite type be a separate entry?",
    "How should tracking data be linked?",
    "How should debris policy be tracked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}