{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T19:36:31Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude", "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T00:10:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:55:03+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "owners" ] }, "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:58+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q267298", "registryId": "vr.tr.battery", "name": "battery", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q267298/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.battery", "name": "battery", "purpose": "Let an agent identify a battery by chemistry, size and use, relay specifications, safety, charging, transport and recycling rules from manufacturers and regulators, and separate batteries from cells, chargers and fuel cells.", "definition": "A device that stores chemical energy and delivers it as electric current through one or more electrochemical cells, either single-use primary cells or rechargeable secondary cells such as lead-acid, nickel-metal hydride and lithium-ion, in sizes from button cells to vehicle packs and grid storage.", "what_it_is_for": "Storing and delivering electrical energy.", "affordances": [ "identify chemistry, format and capacity", "explain how it works and how it ages", "relay safety, charging and transport rules", "relay disposal and recycling requirements" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Electrochemical storage, unlike a capacitor", "Primary versus rechargeable", "Chemistry sets voltage, energy density and hazards", "Ageing and state of health change capacity over time" ], "appearance": "A sealed cylinder, prism, pouch or box with two terminals, marked with chemistry, voltage and capacity.", "visual_identification": [ "Markings give chemistry, nominal voltage, capacity and size code", "Rechargeable packs carry charge and safety markings and often a management circuit", "A fuel cell or a capacitor is a different device" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "cell voltage", "typical_range": "1.2-3.7", "unit": "V", "note": "by chemistry" }, { "quantity": "capacity", "typical_range": "milliampere-hours to megawatt-hours", "unit": "Ah or Wh", "note": "from button cells to grid storage" }, { "quantity": "cycle life", "typical_range": "hundreds to thousands", "unit": "cycles", "note": "rechargeable chemistries; depends on use" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "primary cells such as alkaline and lithium", "lead-acid batteries for vehicles and backup", "nickel-based rechargeables", "lithium-ion and lithium polymer packs", "flow and grid-scale batteries", "button and coin cells" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "electric power source", "why": "the category" }, { "relation": "contains", "target": "electrochemical cell", "why": "the unit inside it" }, { "relation": "needs", "target": "battery charger", "why": "for rechargeable types" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "fuel cell", "why": "converts fuel continuously rather than storing charge" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "IEC 60086 size code", "value_or_pattern": "for example LR6 or CR2032", "note": "primary cell sizes" }, { "scheme": "UN number", "value_or_pattern": "UN3480, UN3481, UN3090", "note": "lithium battery transport classes" }, { "scheme": "chemistry and nominal voltage", "value_or_pattern": "markings", "note": "on the label" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "IEC 60086 and IEC 62133 standards for cells and batteries", "UN Manual of Tests and Criteria section 38.3 and dangerous goods rules for transport", "EU Battery Regulation and national collection and recycling rules", "Product safety marking requirements" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Thermal runaway and fire in lithium batteries", "Leakage and corrosion in old cells", "Swallowing of button cells by children", "Capacity loss with age and misuse", "Improper disposal causing fires in waste streams" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Explain battery types, capacities and safe use.", "Monitor charge and health of batteries in systems the agent manages." ], "must_not": [ "Charge, store or use damaged, swollen or overheating batteries.", "Bypass battery protection circuits or use incompatible chargers.", "Advise disposal of batteries in ordinary waste.", "Recommend shipping lithium batteries outside dangerous goods rules." ], "requires_human": [ "Handling a battery fire or a damaged traction battery.", "Disposing of large batteries." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Lithium battery fires are hard to extinguish and kill people in homes and vehicles.", "Battery minerals and waste carry environmental and labour costs." ], "affected_parties": [ "Users", "Firefighters", "Waste and recycling workers" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "The person or operator who owns it; producers carry take-back obligations in many jurisdictions.", "master_systems": [] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q267298: battery", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Electric battery", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_battery", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identify", "name": "Identify", "description": "Which battery this is.", "rationale": "Chemistry and size decide everything else.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemistry", "name": "Chemistry", "description": "Chemistry and type.", "findings": [ { "id": "chemistry-finding", "name": "Chemistry", "description": "Chemistry.", "questions": [ { "text": "What chemistry, voltage and format is the battery, and is it primary or rechargeable?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about a battery, a single cell, a charger or a fuel cell?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "spec", "name": "Specification", "description": "Ratings.", "findings": [ { "id": "spec-finding", "name": "Specification", "description": "Specification.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the capacity, current rating and cycle life, and how are they measured?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Where does the manufacturer publish the datasheet?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use", "name": "Use", "description": "Charging and life.", "rationale": "Use determines life.", "layers": [ { "id": "charging", "name": "Charging", "description": "Charging.", "findings": [ { "id": "charging-finding", "name": "Charging", "description": "Charging.", "questions": [ { "text": "How should this type be charged, and what does the manufacturer advise?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits chargers and management systems?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "ageing", "name": "Ageing", "description": "State of health.", "findings": [ { "id": "ageing-finding", "name": "Ageing", "description": "Ageing.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does capacity decline with cycles, temperature and storage?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "How is state of health assessed?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "safety", "name": "Safety", "description": "Hazards and transport.", "rationale": "Batteries can burn.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazards", "name": "Hazards", "description": "Fire and leakage.", "findings": [ { "id": "hazards-finding", "name": "Hazards", "description": "Hazards.", "questions": [ { "text": "What causes thermal runaway, leakage and swelling, and what precautions do authorities advise?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the user reporting a fire or an ingestion, which is an emergency to route?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "transport", "name": "Transport", "description": "Shipping rules.", "findings": [ { "id": "transport-finding", "name": "Transport", "description": "Transport.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which dangerous goods rules apply to shipping and carrying batteries by air, sea and road?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits dangerous goods?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "end", "name": "End of life", "description": "Recycling and regulation.", "rationale": "Batteries are regulated waste.", "layers": [ { "id": "recycling", "name": "Recycling", "description": "Collection and recycling.", "findings": [ { "id": "recycling-finding", "name": "Recycling", "description": "Recycling.", "questions": [ { "text": "How must batteries be collected and recycled under local rules?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits electronic waste?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "policy", "name": "Policy", "description": "Regulation and supply.", "findings": [ { "id": "policy-finding", "name": "Policy", "description": "Policy.", "questions": [ { "text": "What regulations govern battery labelling, materials and due diligence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard for battery technology?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each chemistry be a separate entry?", "How should transport rules be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases for chargers and vehicle batteries; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }