{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-10-06T10:43:26Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 37,
    "engine": "claude",
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-09T07:30:01+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q2721589",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.fumble",
    "name": "fumble",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.37",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "ACT.EVT"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q2721589/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.fumble",
    "name": "fumble",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain the fumble as a game event, relay how the rulebooks define it and what follows, and keep it apart from muffs, incomplete passes and the everyday sense of fumbling.",
    "definition": "In American and Canadian football, a fumble occurs when a player who has possession and control of the ball loses it before being downed or scoring, leaving the ball live so that either team may recover it.",
    "what_it_is_for": null,
    "affordances": [
      "explain the rule",
      "distinguish a fumble from a muff or an incomplete pass",
      "explain recovery and turnover",
      "relay how fumbles are recorded in game statistics",
      "describe how officials and replay review rule on them"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Requires prior possession and control, unlike a muff",
      "A forward pass that is not caught is incomplete, not a fumble",
      "The ball stays live, unlike a play ruled dead when the runner is down",
      "Recovery by the defence is a turnover"
    ],
    "appearance": "A ball carrier losing the ball, often when hit, with the loose ball on the ground and players from both teams diving for it.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Ball comes loose from a player who had clear possession",
      "Ball is loose before a knee, elbow or other body part touched the ground, or before the player was ruled down",
      "Players from both teams scramble for the loose ball"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "kind",
        "typical_range": "game event",
        "unit": "note",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "quantity": "sports",
        "typical_range": "American football, Canadian football",
        "unit": "note",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "quantity": "outcome",
        "typical_range": "ball remains live; recovery by either team",
        "unit": "note",
        "note": ""
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "fumble recovered by the offence",
      "fumble lost (turnover)",
      "forced fumble",
      "fumble returned for a touchdown",
      "fumble out of bounds"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "turnover",
        "why": "when the defence recovers"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is confused with",
        "target": "muff",
        "why": "a muff is touching a ball not yet possessed"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is confused with",
        "target": "incomplete pass",
        "why": "a key replay question"
      },
      {
        "relation": "regulated by",
        "target": "gridiron football rulebooks",
        "why": "definitions differ by league and level"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "Wikidata",
        "value_or_pattern": "Q2721589",
        "note": "registry item"
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Official playing rules of professional leagues in the United States and Canada",
      "Collegiate and high-school football rulebooks issued by their governing bodies",
      "League instant replay rules for reviewing fumbles"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Pile-ups for loose balls can injure players",
      "Misapplying one league's rule to another",
      "Confusing the sports term with the everyday sense of fumbling"
    ],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain the rule and cite the rulebook and season used.",
        "Summarise fumble statistics from official records."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Present one league's rule as universal.",
        "Claim to overturn or confirm an official ruling.",
        "Use fumble data to support match-fixing or betting manipulation."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Any official ruling on a play."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Contact in loose-ball scrambles carries injury risk.",
        "Statistics shape player reputations and contracts, so they must be accurate."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Players",
        "Officials",
        "Fans and bettors relying on accurate records"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns the event; the league or governing body defines it and the officials rule on it.",
      "master_systems": [
        "League rulebooks",
        "Official game statistics"
      ]
    },
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q2721589: fumble",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2721589",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Fumble",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumble",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "rule",
        "name": "Rule",
        "description": "How the event is defined.",
        "rationale": "The definition depends on possession, control and when a player is down.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "definition",
            "name": "Definition",
            "description": "Possession and loss.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "definition-finding",
                "name": "Definition",
                "description": "Possession and loss.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What counts as possession and control before a loss of the ball becomes a fumble?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "When is a runner down so that a lost ball is not a fumble?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "league-differences",
            "name": "League differences",
            "description": "Rules by league and level.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "league-differences-finding",
                "name": "League differences",
                "description": "Rules by league and level.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do the rules differ between professional, college and Canadian football?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which rulebook edition applies to the game in question?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "boundaries",
        "name": "Boundaries",
        "description": "What a fumble is not.",
        "rationale": "Replay disputes turn on these distinctions.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "muff",
            "name": "Muff",
            "description": "Touching a ball not possessed.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "muff-finding",
                "name": "Muff",
                "description": "Touching a ball not possessed.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does a muff differ from a fumble?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which kicks and passes can be muffed?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "incomplete-pass",
            "name": "Incomplete pass",
            "description": "The passing arm question.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "incomplete-pass-finding",
                "name": "Incomplete pass",
                "description": "The passing arm question.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do rules separate a fumble from an incomplete forward pass?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How has that rule been revised over time?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "aftermath",
        "name": "Aftermath",
        "description": "What happens after the ball is loose.",
        "rationale": "Recovery decides the outcome of the play.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "recovery",
            "name": "Recovery",
            "description": "Who may recover and advance.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "recovery-finding",
                "name": "Recovery",
                "description": "Who may recover and advance.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Who may recover a fumble, and when may the recovering team advance it?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What happens when the ball goes out of bounds?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "review",
            "name": "Review",
            "description": "Officiating and replay.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "review-finding",
                "name": "Review",
                "description": "Officiating and replay.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do officials and replay review rule on a possible fumble?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What evidence is needed to overturn a call?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "records",
        "name": "Records",
        "description": "Statistics and history.",
        "rationale": "Fumbles are counted for players and teams.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "statistics",
            "name": "Statistics",
            "description": "How fumbles are counted.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "statistics-finding",
                "name": "Statistics",
                "description": "How fumbles are counted.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are fumbles, fumbles lost and forced fumbles recorded?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which source holds the official record?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "notable-plays",
            "name": "Notable plays",
            "description": "Famous fumbles.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "notable-plays-finding",
                "name": "Notable plays",
                "description": "Famous fumbles.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which fumbles are cited as historically significant?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the account sourced from an official or reputable record?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should league-specific fumble rules be separate entries?",
    "How should the everyday verb sense be signposted?",
    "How should rule changes by season be versioned?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}