{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T09:27:24Z",
    "providers": [
      "Codex"
    ],
    "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read",
    "missingProviders": [],
    "pass": 2,
    "cost": {
      "grok": {
        "seconds": 27.2,
        "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a094f0-49be-7342-86e2-be52a8cdd1c2\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: electronic device\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 043: 10",
        "usd": 0.0,
        "recall": true
      },
      "codex": {
        "seconds": 74.7,
        "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a094f0-49cd-76b2-8a2a-14695c900187\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: electronic device\nRegistry id: vr.tr.electronic-device\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entr"
      }
    },
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T11:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T08:14:26+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "failure_modes_and_hazards",
        "owners",
        "standards_and_regulation",
        "visual_identification"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-08T19:09:52+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q2858615",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.electronic-device",
    "name": "electronic device",
    "version": "0.1.0-research.1",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.OBJ"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q2858615/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.electronic-device",
    "name": "electronic device",
    "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an electronic device, assess its operating condition and determine which uses, connections, configuration changes and interventions are appropriate.",
    "definition": "An electronic device is a physical apparatus whose operation depends on electronic components and circuits that control charge-carrier flow to process signals, store information, or control energy.",
    "scope_statement": "This model owns the registered kind electronic device (vr.tr.electronic-device, PHY / PHY.OBJ): physical equipment whose intended function depends on electronic circuitry controlling or processing electrical signals, including the characteristics needed to assess particular devices without treating the kind, product model and individual unit as interchangeable.",
    "in_scope": [
      "The boundary between electronic devices, electrical equipment, electronic components and systems containing multiple devices",
      "Electronic operating principles, intended functions and signal paths",
      "Power requirements, energy storage, electrical interfaces and thermal operating limits",
      "Controls, operating states and software dependencies where present",
      "Fault detection, safe intervention, repairability and end-of-use handling",
      "Evidence of applicable safety, electromagnetic compatibility and other product-specific requirements"
    ],
    "out_of_scope": [
      "Semiconductor physics and component fabrication processes as independent subjects",
      "Standalone software and information content, except their relationship to device operation",
      "Product families, commercial offerings and individual asset records as separate entities",
      "Electrical installations and communication networks beyond the device's connection requirements",
      "Application-specific processes such as medical diagnosis or industrial production",
      "Battery chemistry and waste-processing operations beyond device-level handling requirements"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Its intended function depends on electronic control or signal processing; electricity used solely for heating, lighting or electromechanical motion does not by itself establish this classification.",
      "It is physical equipment with an identifiable functional boundary, rather than software, a circuit diagram or a data service.",
      "Its boundary identifies a device-level function and interfaces; a component incorporated into that function requires an explicit component-versus-device boundary decision.",
      "Digital computation, programmability and network connectivity are optional: analogue and non-programmable electronic equipment must remain representable.",
      "The registry entry denotes a kind; manufacturer model numbers, serial numbers and observed faults identify related product designs or units."
    ],
    "characteristics": [
      {
        "name": "Intended electronic function",
        "kind": "category",
        "unit_or_values": "sensing, amplification, switching, conversion, computation, communication, display, control; multiple values permitted",
        "why_it_matters": "Identifies what the circuitry contributes and which neighbouring device model may provide more specific requirements."
      },
      {
        "name": "Circuit and processing architecture",
        "kind": "category",
        "unit_or_values": "analogue, digital, mixed-signal; programmable, non-programmable, unknown",
        "why_it_matters": "Determines which signal behaviours and configuration dependencies must be assessed."
      },
      {
        "name": "Supply envelope",
        "kind": "measurement",
        "unit_or_values": "V AC or DC, A, Hz for AC supply, W; rated ranges and operating conditions",
        "why_it_matters": "Supports power-source compatibility checks and identifies potentially damaging supply conditions."
      },
      {
        "name": "Power source and stored energy",
        "kind": "relation",
        "unit_or_values": "external supply, primary battery, rechargeable battery, energy harvesting, other; battery Wh or capacitor J where relevant and known",
        "why_it_matters": "Identifies charging dependencies and energy that may remain after external power is disconnected."
      },
      {
        "name": "Interface requirements",
        "kind": "relation",
        "unit_or_values": "connector, pinout, voltage levels, direction, protocol, supported versions and compatible counterpart",
        "why_it_matters": "Prevents physical connector fit from being mistaken for electrical or protocol compatibility."
      },
      {
        "name": "Functional performance",
        "kind": "measurement",
        "unit_or_values": "function-dependent measures such as Hz bandwidth, s latency, bit/s throughput or measurement error in the measured quantity's unit",
        "why_it_matters": "Makes satisfactory operation testable without imposing a single performance metric on all electronic devices."
      },
      {
        "name": "Operating and fault state",
        "kind": "state",
        "unit_or_values": "unpowered, standby, starting, active, degraded, faulted, protective shutdown, unknown; subtype-specific states permitted",
        "why_it_matters": "Connects observable behaviour to permissible use and recovery actions."
      },
      {
        "name": "Environmental operating envelope",
        "kind": "measurement",
        "unit_or_values": "temperature in °C, relative humidity in %, and subtype-relevant ingress, vibration or altitude limits",
        "why_it_matters": "Establishes whether the intended surroundings support reliable and safe operation."
      },
      {
        "name": "Firmware and service dependencies",
        "kind": "relation",
        "unit_or_values": "firmware version, bootloader, configuration, local software, remote service; absent or unknown permitted",
        "why_it_matters": "Identifies dependencies that can change functionality, compatibility and support status."
      },
      {
        "name": "Conformity evidence",
        "kind": "relation",
        "unit_or_values": "issuing body, requirement identifier and edition, jurisdiction, applicable product variant, declaration or test record",
        "why_it_matters": "Allows requirements and supporting evidence to be checked for the actual device category and market."
      }
    ],
    "affordances": [
      "Identify the device's electronic function and select a more specific model when its application requires one.",
      "Check a proposed power source, charger, cable or peripheral against electrical and interface requirements.",
      "Interpret indicators, diagnostic outputs and measured performance to assess readiness or faults.",
      "Operate controls or change supported settings within documented limits and access permissions.",
      "Plan supported firmware updates, calibration or repairs using the relevant product and unit evidence.",
      "Determine prerequisites for isolation, storage, reuse or end-of-use handling, including stored energy and retained data."
    ],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Operate, update and diagnose electronic devices it is authorized to manage.",
        "Report a device's state, faults and battery health to its owner."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Open, modify or access devices it does not own or administer.",
        "Charge or use devices with swollen, damaged or counterfeit batteries.",
        "Dispose of electronic devices in household waste or by burning.",
        "Collect personal data from a device beyond what its owner allowed."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Wiping a device or sending it for recycling or resale.",
        "Repairing mains-powered or high-voltage parts."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Electronic waste exposes recycling workers, often in poorer countries, to toxic materials.",
        "Devices hold personal data whose exposure harms their users."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Users and owners",
        "Recycling and repair workers",
        "People near charging devices"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The person or organization that owns it.",
      "master_systems": [
        "Asset registers of the owner"
      ]
    },
    "visual_identification": [
      "Circuit boards, chips and wiring inside a housing.",
      "Power input, battery or charging port and indicator lights or a display."
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Battery fires and overheating.",
      "Electric shock from mains-powered parts.",
      "Data exposure from discarded devices."
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "IEC 62368-1, Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment - Safety requirements, International Electrotechnical Commission.",
      "Directive 2012/19/EU on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), European Union."
    ],
    "what_it_is_for": [
      "Electronic devices are encountered in homes, workplaces, vehicles and industrial systems.",
      "They use electronic circuits to process signals, store information, communicate or control other equipment.",
      "Their intended use determines the required power supply, connections, operating environment and user interactions."
    ]
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q2858615: electronic device",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2858615",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-fr",
      "title": "Wikipedia (fr): Appareil électronique",
      "url": "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appareil_%C3%A9lectronique",
      "url_status": "live",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "electronic-function-and-boundary",
        "name": "Electronic function and boundary",
        "description": "Establishes why the thing is an electronic device and where its functional boundary lies.",
        "rationale": "Electronic device is a broad kind that must distinguish electronic function from electrical power use while preserving links to narrower equipment kinds.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "electronic-operating-principle",
            "name": "Electronic operating principle",
            "description": "Relates the intended function to the circuitry and signals that implement it.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "essential-electronic-contribution",
                "name": "Essential electronic contribution",
                "description": "Record which intended function depends on electronic signal processing or control and whether the implementation is analogue, digital or mixed.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which intended function depends on electronic circuitry, and what does that circuitry do to the signals?",
                    "kind": "definition",
                    "id": "essential-electronic-contribution-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What distinguishes this equipment from an electrical device performing its function without electronic control or processing?",
                    "kind": "boundary",
                    "id": "essential-electronic-contribution-q02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "device-and-system-boundaries",
            "name": "Device and system boundaries",
            "description": "Separates the registered kind from components, product designs, individual units and larger systems.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "functional-unit-and-specialisation",
                "name": "Functional unit and specialisation",
                "description": "Identify the device-level function, included assemblies and dependencies on external equipment, with links to narrower registered kinds where appropriate.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which assemblies belong inside the device boundary, and which supplies, peripherals or host systems remain external?",
                    "kind": "boundary",
                    "id": "functional-unit-and-specialisation-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which details describe this general kind, which describe a product model or unit, and which require a narrower device model?",
                    "kind": "boundary",
                    "id": "functional-unit-and-specialisation-q02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "power-energy-and-thermal-behaviour",
        "name": "Power, energy and thermal behaviour",
        "description": "Captures supply compatibility, stored energy and heat-related operating constraints.",
        "rationale": "Electronic equipment can fail through supply mismatch, charging faults or inadequate cooling even when its functional interfaces appear correct.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "supply-and-charging",
            "name": "Supply and charging",
            "description": "Defines acceptable power sources and charging arrangements.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "electrical-input-compatibility",
                "name": "Electrical input compatibility",
                "description": "Record supply ranges, polarity, current requirements, power negotiation and charging restrictions where applicable.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What voltage, current, polarity, frequency and negotiation requirements must the proposed supply meet?",
                    "kind": "measurement",
                    "id": "electrical-input-compatibility-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which power sources or chargers are documented as compatible, and what evidence establishes that compatibility?",
                    "kind": "provenance",
                    "id": "electrical-input-compatibility-q02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "residual-energy-and-cooling",
            "name": "Residual energy and cooling",
            "description": "Relates retained electrical energy and heat dissipation to operation and intervention.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "energy-and-temperature-limits",
                "name": "Energy and temperature limits",
                "description": "Record energy-storage elements, cooling dependencies, temperature limits and documented isolation prerequisites.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which batteries, capacitors or alternate supply paths can retain or restore energy after the normal supply is disconnected?",
                    "kind": "boundary",
                    "id": "energy-and-temperature-limits-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What documented isolation, discharge and cooling conditions must be satisfied before a permitted intervention?",
                    "kind": "action",
                    "id": "energy-and-temperature-limits-q02"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What ambient or internal temperature limits and ventilation conditions govern operation?",
                    "kind": "measurement",
                    "id": "energy-and-temperature-limits-q03"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "signals-interfaces-and-performance",
        "name": "Signals, interfaces and performance",
        "description": "Connects electrical and communication interfaces to verifiable functional behaviour.",
        "rationale": "A device can be powered and apparently active while producing unusable signals or interacting incorrectly with connected equipment.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "connection-compatibility",
            "name": "Connection compatibility",
            "description": "Examines physical, electrical and protocol requirements together.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "interface-contract",
                "name": "Interface contract",
                "description": "Describe each relevant port or wireless interface through its signal role, electrical constraints and communication requirements.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which pin assignments, signal levels, impedances, protocols or radio parameters govern each relevant interface?",
                    "kind": "measurement",
                    "id": "interface-contract-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What compatibility and connection-sequence checks are required before attaching or removing another device?",
                    "kind": "action",
                    "id": "interface-contract-q02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "functional-verification",
            "name": "Functional verification",
            "description": "Defines observations that distinguish successful operation from merely receiving power.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "performance-under-stated-conditions",
                "name": "Performance under stated conditions",
                "description": "Associate the intended electronic function with measurable outputs, acceptable limits and the conditions of the test.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which output measurements demonstrate the intended function, using what units, tolerances and test conditions?",
                    "kind": "measurement",
                    "id": "performance-under-stated-conditions-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How can an agent distinguish a device fault from an unsuitable input signal, connected load or external service failure?",
                    "kind": "action",
                    "id": "performance-under-stated-conditions-q02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "control-state-and-software-dependencies",
        "name": "Control, state and software dependencies",
        "description": "Makes device behaviour interpretable through controls, state transitions and optional software dependencies.",
        "rationale": "The same electronic hardware can behave differently across power states, configurations and firmware versions, while some devices have no software at all.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "controls-and-state-transitions",
            "name": "Controls and state transitions",
            "description": "Maps available controls and observations to operating states and permitted transitions.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "observable-state-and-control-effects",
                "name": "Observable state and control effects",
                "description": "Record the meaning of indicators and diagnostics, the effects of controls and the prerequisites for start, stop, reset and recovery.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which indicators or diagnostic observations distinguish standby, normal operation, degradation and protective shutdown?",
                    "kind": "definition",
                    "id": "observable-state-and-control-effects-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What preconditions and consequences apply to starting, stopping, resetting or clearing a fault?",
                    "kind": "action",
                    "id": "observable-state-and-control-effects-q02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "firmware-configuration-and-connectivity",
            "name": "Firmware, configuration and connectivity",
            "description": "Captures software-mediated behaviour only where the device depends on it.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "software-dependency-and-change-control",
                "name": "Software dependency and change control",
                "description": "Identify firmware, configuration, credentials and service dependencies, including supported update and recovery paths.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Does the device require firmware, retained configuration or a remote service, and which functions depend on each?",
                    "kind": "boundary",
                    "id": "software-dependency-and-change-control-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which documented update or configuration procedure applies to this hardware revision, and how is failure recovered?",
                    "kind": "action",
                    "id": "software-dependency-and-change-control-q02"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What retained data or credentials must be considered before reset, transfer or disposal?",
                    "kind": "action",
                    "id": "software-dependency-and-change-control-q03"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "faults-service-and-conformity",
        "name": "Faults, service and conformity",
        "description": "Connects failure evidence, maintenance actions and applicable requirements to continued use.",
        "rationale": "Electronic faults can be hidden or intermittent, and permissible interventions depend on product-specific construction, documentation and conformity evidence.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "diagnosis-and-serviceability",
            "name": "Diagnosis and serviceability",
            "description": "Separates observed symptoms from established causes and supported remedies.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "fault-evidence-and-supported-intervention",
                "name": "Fault evidence and supported intervention",
                "description": "Record symptoms, diagnostic evidence and relevant failure possibilities such as supply instability, overheating, connection damage or component degradation without treating them as confirmed causes.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which observations support the suspected fault, and which alternative causes remain unresolved?",
                    "kind": "provenance",
                    "id": "fault-evidence-and-supported-intervention-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which cleaning, consumable replacement, calibration or repair actions are documented, and what electrical or electrostatic precautions do they require?",
                    "kind": "action",
                    "id": "fault-evidence-and-supported-intervention-q02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "protection-and-conformity-evidence",
            "name": "Protection and conformity evidence",
            "description": "Identifies applicable protective functions and the evidence supporting use in a particular environment and jurisdiction.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "applicable-requirements-and-protective-functions",
                "name": "Applicable requirements and protective functions",
                "description": "Record product-specific requirements, issuing bodies, editions and supporting records, alongside any interlocks or protection circuits and their documented behaviour.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which safety, electromagnetic compatibility, radio, environmental or application-specific requirements apply to this device category and intended market?",
                    "kind": "boundary",
                    "id": "applicable-requirements-and-protective-functions-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which declarations, certificates or test reports support compliance for the exact product variant, and who issued them?",
                    "kind": "provenance",
                    "id": "applicable-requirements-and-protective-functions-q02"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which protective functions or interlocks are present, and what documented checks establish readiness or require withdrawal from use?",
                    "kind": "action",
                    "id": "applicable-requirements-and-protective-functions-q03"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment",
        "name": "Evidence and external alignment",
        "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.",
        "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "reported-evidence",
            "name": "Reported evidence",
            "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "evidence-confidence-notes",
                "name": "Check these first",
                "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                "evidence": [
                  "No sense is recorded: confirm whether the registry means electronic apparatus broadly or electronic devices at the semiconductor-component level.",
                  "Standards are recalled examples, not verified applicability determinations; editions, scope, exemptions and jurisdictional requirements need checking.",
                  "The category has no meaningful universal typical range for voltage, power, dimensions or capacity; measurements require a narrower device class."
                ],
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01",
                    "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of electronic device this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "id": "evidence-kinds",
                "name": "Kinds and varieties",
                "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                "evidence": [
                  "Computing devices",
                  "Communication devices",
                  "Audio and video devices",
                  "Electronic measuring instruments",
                  "Electronic control devices",
                  "Power electronic devices"
                ],
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "id": "evidence-kinds-q01",
                    "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of electronic device this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "id": "evidence-identifiers",
                "name": "Identifiers and schemes",
                "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                "evidence": [
                  {
                    "scheme": "Manufacturer model or part number",
                    "value_or_pattern": "Manufacturer-assigned alphanumeric designation",
                    "note": "Identifies a design or product variant; uniqueness generally requires the manufacturer's name."
                  },
                  {
                    "scheme": "Manufacturer serial number",
                    "value_or_pattern": "Manufacturer-assigned unit identifier",
                    "note": "Identifies an individual unit within the manufacturer's numbering system."
                  },
                  {
                    "scheme": "GS1 Global Trade Item Number (GTIN)",
                    "value_or_pattern": "8, 12, 13, or 14 digits",
                    "note": "Identifies a commercial trade item rather than an individual physical unit; not every electronic device has one."
                  }
                ],
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01",
                    "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of electronic device this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation",
                "name": "Standards and regulation",
                "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                "evidence": [
                  "IEC 62368-1, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission, addresses safety of audio/video, information and communication technology equipment within its scope.",
                  "IEC 61010-1, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission, addresses safety of electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use within its scope.",
                  "IEC 61000 series, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission, covers electromagnetic compatibility; applicable parts depend on the equipment and environment.",
                  "European Union RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU restricts specified hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment within its scope.",
                  "United States FCC rules, 47 CFR Part 15, regulate radio-frequency emissions from covered intentional and unintentional radiators."
                ],
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01",
                    "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of electronic device this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "id": "evidence-real-world-use",
                "name": "Real-world use",
                "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                "evidence": [
                  "Processing and storing information",
                  "Transmitting and receiving communications",
                  "Measuring physical quantities and recording sensor signals",
                  "Controlling machines and automated processes",
                  "Converting and regulating electrical power"
                ],
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01",
                    "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of electronic device this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards",
                "name": "Failure modes and hazards",
                "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                "evidence": [
                  "Excessive temperature can degrade components, cause shutdown or create a fire hazard.",
                  "Overvoltage, electrical transients and electrostatic discharge can damage semiconductor components.",
                  "Moisture, contamination and corrosion can cause leakage currents, short circuits or intermittent operation.",
                  "Ageing capacitors, damaged connectors and cracked solder joints can cause loss of function or unstable operation.",
                  "Devices containing hazardous voltages or stored electrical energy can cause electric shock, including after disconnection."
                ],
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01",
                    "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of electronic device this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "id": "evidence-regional-variation",
                "name": "Regional variation",
                "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                "evidence": [
                  "Supply voltage, frequency and plug conventions vary by market for mains-powered equipment.",
                  "Radio spectrum allocations and equipment authorization requirements vary by jurisdiction.",
                  "Product safety, substance restrictions and electronic waste obligations vary by jurisdiction and device category."
                ],
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01",
                    "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of electronic device this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "id": "evidence-neighbours",
                "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart",
                "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                "evidence": [
                  {
                    "name": "Electrical device",
                    "difference": "An electrical device uses electricity, but need not employ electronic control of charge carriers; a simple resistive heater is electrical without necessarily being electronic."
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "Electronic component",
                    "difference": "A component is an element used within a circuit or assembly; this entry treats the device as apparatus, although technical usage also calls individual semiconductor components devices."
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "Electronic circuit",
                    "difference": "A circuit is an interconnected arrangement of components; an apparatus may contain multiple circuits together with power, enclosure and interface elements."
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "Computer",
                    "difference": "A computer performs computation according to instructions or a defined architecture; many electronic devices perform other functions without being computers."
                  }
                ],
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01",
                    "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of electronic device this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "What authoritative definition should establish the registry boundary between electronic devices, electrical equipment and electronic components?",
    "Does an existing Vercy world model already cover this concept, and which narrower registered kinds should inherit or supplement its requirements?",
    "Which authoritative sources can support this draft's proposed distinctions and assessment questions before publication as researched findings?",
    "Which standards and issuing bodies apply to the principal device subtypes and jurisdictions, without implying a universal certification requirement?",
    "Which subtype-specific performance ranges, dimensions, failure modes and service constraints are useful enough to include, and which should remain in narrower models?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 6,
    "layers": 11,
    "findings": 18,
    "questions": 31
  }
}
