{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T11:46:21Z",
    "providers": [
      "Codex"
    ],
    "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read",
    "missingProviders": [],
    "pass": 2,
    "cost": {
      "grok": {
        "seconds": 25.5,
        "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0956f-880e-75b1-a96f-41913946ad09\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: optic nerve disease\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: XCT.STA\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 044: ",
        "usd": 0.0,
        "recall": true
      },
      "codex": {
        "seconds": 72.3,
        "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0956f-8812-7a33-a55e-b6491be9fd85\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: optic nerve disease\nRegistry id: vr.tr.optic-nerve-disease\nPlane / domain: XCT / XCT.STA\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this "
      }
    },
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T12:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T08:03:17+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "failure_modes_and_hazards",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:29+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q2879095",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.optic-nerve-disease",
    "name": "optic nerve disease",
    "version": "0.1.0-research.1",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "XCT.STA"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q2879095/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.optic-nerve-disease",
    "name": "optic nerve disease",
    "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise optic nerve disease as a class of conditions, record evidence of optic nerve injury and visual dysfunction, and support decisions appropriate to the suspected cause and diagnostic certainty.",
    "definition": "Optic nerve disease is a group of disorders that damage or impair the axons of retinal ganglion cells forming the optic nerve, potentially causing loss of vision, visual field defects, and impaired colour perception.",
    "scope_statement": "This model owns disease affecting the optic nerve, including localisation, aetiology, functional and structural state, course, and cause-dependent action constraints; it distinguishes the condition from its diagnosis, the affected person, and episodes of care.",
    "in_scope": [
      "Localisation of disease to the optic nerve, including the optic disc and the nerve up to its junction with the optic chiasm",
      "Aetiological classification and relationships to systemic, ocular, hereditary, exposure-related, and intracranial causes",
      "Eye-specific visual dysfunction and structural evidence of optic nerve injury",
      "Onset, activity, progression, recurrence, and residual impairment",
      "Diagnostic evidence, uncertainty, classification versions, and management implications"
    ],
    "out_of_scope": [
      "Retinal or macular disease without optic nerve involvement",
      "Isolated chiasmal, optic tract, optic radiation, or visual cortical disease",
      "Patient identity and the complete longitudinal health record",
      "Clinical visits, referrals, investigations, and procedures as care events",
      "Underlying systemic diseases, intracranial lesions, and exposure sources as independently modelled entities"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Require evidence supporting optic nerve localisation; reduced visual acuity alone does not establish optic nerve disease.",
      "Assess whether visual-field, colour-vision, pupillary, disc, and imaging findings form a coherent optic nerve pattern rather than a retinal or posterior visual pathway explanation.",
      "Distinguish an observed swollen or pale optic disc from an established disease mechanism; record the sign and its interpretation separately.",
      "Separate glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous optic nerve injury using documented evidence rather than intraocular pressure alone.",
      "Distinguish suspected active injury from persistent structural loss or visual impairment after an earlier episode."
    ],
    "characteristics": [
      {
        "name": "Affected eye and anatomical segment",
        "kind": "category",
        "unit_or_values": "Right, left, bilateral, or undetermined; optic disc, intraorbital, intracanalicular, intracranial, multisegment, or unlocalised",
        "why_it_matters": "Localisation and asymmetry constrain causal interpretation and prevent findings from different eyes being conflated."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aetiological classification",
        "kind": "category",
        "unit_or_values": "Glaucomatous, inflammatory, ischaemic, compressive, infiltrative, infectious, hereditary, toxic, nutritional, traumatic, other, multifactorial, or undetermined",
        "why_it_matters": "The appropriate investigation and response depend on the cause; categories may overlap."
      },
      {
        "name": "Diagnostic certainty",
        "kind": "state",
        "unit_or_values": "Suspected, provisional, established, disputed, or excluded, with supporting evidence and criteria source",
        "why_it_matters": "Prevents a working hypothesis from becoming an unqualified disease assertion."
      },
      {
        "name": "Visual acuity",
        "kind": "measurement",
        "unit_or_values": "Per-eye logMAR or explicitly identified alternative scale, with correction, testing conditions, and date",
        "why_it_matters": "Records central visual function while preserving comparability and acknowledging that it is only one component of impairment."
      },
      {
        "name": "Visual-field involvement",
        "kind": "measurement",
        "unit_or_values": "Per-eye field pattern and test-specific indices, including dB where applicable, with protocol and reliability",
        "why_it_matters": "Supports localisation and longitudinal assessment of functional loss."
      },
      {
        "name": "Colour vision and pupillary evidence",
        "kind": "measurement",
        "unit_or_values": "Named colour-test score; relative afferent pupillary defect present, absent, indeterminate, or unassessed, with side and method",
        "why_it_matters": "Adds evidence about optic nerve function while preserving limitations of asymmetric and bilateral assessments."
      },
      {
        "name": "Optic disc and axonal structure",
        "kind": "measurement",
        "unit_or_values": "Disc appearance; retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell measurements in micrometres where available, with device, segmentation quality, and date",
        "why_it_matters": "Documents structural findings without treating thickness or disc appearance as a standalone diagnosis."
      },
      {
        "name": "Temporal course and activity",
        "kind": "state",
        "unit_or_values": "Onset date or interval; sudden, subacute, or gradual onset; activity uncertain, active, recovering, stable, progressive, or recurrent, with definitions",
        "why_it_matters": "Separates onset, ongoing injury, and residual damage and supports assessment of urgency."
      },
      {
        "name": "Associated cause or condition",
        "kind": "relation",
        "unit_or_values": "Links to systemic disease, ocular disease, genetic finding, exposure, trauma, or compressive lesion, with causal confidence",
        "why_it_matters": "Connects optic nerve disease to neighbouring models without assuming that association establishes causation."
      },
      {
        "name": "Terminology mapping",
        "kind": "relation",
        "unit_or_values": "ICD or SNOMED CT concept identifier, label, edition or release, jurisdiction, and mapping precision",
        "why_it_matters": "Preserves the distinction between a broad disease class and a specifically supported coded diagnosis."
      }
    ],
    "affordances": [
      "Assemble eye-specific evidence supporting or challenging optic nerve localisation.",
      "Compare plausible aetiologies and identify missing evidence without automatically assigning a subtype.",
      "Track functional and structural changes across comparable assessments.",
      "Identify whether documented features meet an attributed clinical pathway for urgent specialist assessment.",
      "Link cause-specific investigation and management options to diagnostic certainty, contraindications, and clinical authority.",
      "Map the supported diagnosis to versioned terminology while preserving broader or narrower mapping uncertainty."
    ],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Give general information on optic nerve diseases and their warning signs, citing clinical sources.",
        "Urge prompt eye examination when a person reports sudden vision loss or pain on eye movement."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Diagnose or rule out optic nerve disease without clinical examination.",
        "Recommend medicines or doses not prescribed by a clinician.",
        "Tell a person with sudden vision loss to wait and see.",
        "Share a person's vision or neurological diagnosis without consent."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Decisions on treatment, driving fitness or work restrictions."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Vision loss affects independence and livelihood; delays in care can make it permanent.",
        "Fitness-to-drive decisions balance personal freedom against road safety."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Patients",
        "Families and carers",
        "Other road users"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The person whose health it is; clinicians answer for care.",
      "master_systems": []
    },
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Permanent loss of vision or visual field.",
      "Falls and accidents from impaired sight."
    ],
    "what_it_is_for": [
      "Optic nerve disease is a clinical category used in ophthalmology and neurology when investigating impaired visual function.",
      "It groups conditions with different causes that require more specific characterization for diagnosis, documentation and follow-up."
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "The International Classification of Diseases, issued by the World Health Organization, provides diagnostic classifications for optic neuritis and other optic nerve disorders."
    ],
    "facets_not_applicable": {
      "recognition": "Optic nerve disease is a class of pathological conditions that cannot be reliably identified or distinguished by outward appearance alone."
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q2879095: optic nerve disease",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2879095",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Optic neuropathy",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_neuropathy",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "optic-nerve-localisation",
        "name": "Optic nerve localisation",
        "description": "Establishes what is affected and whether optic nerve disease is the appropriate concept.",
        "rationale": "Visual loss and optic disc abnormalities can originate from different processes and do not independently identify an optic nerve disease.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "anatomical-boundary",
            "name": "Anatomical boundary",
            "description": "Places the suspected lesion within the visual pathway.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "eye-and-nerve-segment",
                "name": "Eye and nerve segment",
                "description": "Record laterality, suspected optic nerve segment, and evidence for any extension beyond the nerve.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which eye and optic nerve segment are implicated, and what examination or imaging evidence supports that localisation?",
                    "kind": "measurement",
                    "id": "eye-and-nerve-segment-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Does the process also involve the retina, chiasm, or posterior visual pathway, requiring links to additional condition models?",
                    "kind": "boundary",
                    "id": "eye-and-nerve-segment-q02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "localisation-evidence",
            "name": "Localisation evidence",
            "description": "Tests the coherence of functional and anatomical observations.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "optic-neuropathy-evidence",
                "name": "Evidence for optic neuropathy",
                "description": "Keep the localisation judgment separate from individual signs and alternative explanations.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do visual fields, colour vision, pupillary responses, and structural findings support or challenge optic nerve dysfunction?",
                    "kind": "definition",
                    "id": "optic-neuropathy-evidence-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which retinal, media-related, or posterior pathway explanations remain plausible, and what evidence distinguishes them?",
                    "kind": "boundary",
                    "id": "optic-neuropathy-evidence-q02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "cause-and-diagnostic-identity",
        "name": "Cause and diagnostic identity",
        "description": "Represents aetiological hypotheses and the diagnosis supported by available evidence.",
        "rationale": "Optic nerve disease is an umbrella concept whose subtypes require different evidence and actions.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "causal-differentiation",
            "name": "Causal differentiation",
            "description": "Organises competing and potentially coexisting mechanisms.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "aetiological-hypotheses",
                "name": "Aetiological hypotheses",
                "description": "Record candidate causes, supporting and conflicting evidence, and causal uncertainty.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which glaucomatous, inflammatory, ischaemic, compressive, hereditary, toxic, nutritional, infectious, infiltrative, or traumatic mechanisms are supported?",
                    "kind": "definition",
                    "id": "aetiological-hypotheses-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which history, imaging, laboratory, exposure, or genetic observations support each hypothesis, and where were they obtained?",
                    "kind": "provenance",
                    "id": "aetiological-hypotheses-q02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "criteria-and-coding",
            "name": "Criteria and coding",
            "description": "Connects diagnostic assertions to their clinical and terminology authorities.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "versioned-diagnostic-assertion",
                "name": "Versioned diagnostic assertion",
                "description": "Preserve the source, certainty, and specificity of the diagnosis independently of billing or classification labels.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What diagnostic criteria or specialist judgment supports the named subtype, and what issuing body and version apply?",
                    "kind": "provenance",
                    "id": "versioned-diagnostic-assertion-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which ICD or SNOMED CT concept matches the supported scope, and what release, jurisdiction, and mapping limitations accompany it?",
                    "kind": "boundary",
                    "id": "versioned-diagnostic-assertion-q02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "visual-function-and-structure",
        "name": "Visual function and structure",
        "description": "Captures the measurable effects of disease on vision and optic nerve anatomy.",
        "rationale": "Functional impairment and structural damage must both be represented, with test quality and discordance retained.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "functional-profile",
            "name": "Functional profile",
            "description": "Records multiple dimensions of eye-specific visual function.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "visual-performance",
                "name": "Visual performance",
                "description": "Describe acuity, field, colour, and other assessed visual functions using explicit methods.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the per-eye acuity, visual-field, and colour-vision results, including correction, protocol, reliability, and date?",
                    "kind": "measurement",
                    "id": "visual-performance-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which reported difficulties with reading, navigation, or contrast correspond to measured impairment, and which remain unexplained?",
                    "kind": "measurement",
                    "id": "visual-performance-q02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "structural-profile",
            "name": "Structural profile",
            "description": "Records optic disc, retinal axonal, and optic nerve imaging observations.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "structural-evidence-and-limitations",
                "name": "Structural evidence and limitations",
                "description": "Separate observed structural abnormalities from their proposed mechanism and functional significance.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What disc, retinal nerve fibre layer, ganglion cell, or optic nerve imaging abnormalities were observed, with which modality and quality limitations?",
                    "kind": "measurement",
                    "id": "structural-evidence-and-limitations-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Could swelling, segmentation error, ocular anatomy, or another eye disease affect interpretation of the structural measurements?",
                    "kind": "boundary",
                    "id": "structural-evidence-and-limitations-q02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "course-and-progression",
        "name": "Course and progression",
        "description": "Distinguishes onset, episodes of injury, recovery, and lasting impairment.",
        "rationale": "A static diagnosis cannot indicate whether optic nerve injury is new, worsening, recurrent, or residual.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "onset-and-episodes",
            "name": "Onset and episodes",
            "description": "Represents disease timing independently of appointments and treatment encounters.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "disease-timeline",
                "name": "Disease timeline",
                "description": "Record first symptoms, objective abnormalities, eye involvement, and boundaries between suspected episodes.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "When did symptoms and objective abnormalities begin in each eye, and how certain are those dates?",
                    "kind": "provenance",
                    "id": "disease-timeline-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Does later deterioration represent continuation, recurrence, involvement of the other eye, or an unrelated process?",
                    "kind": "boundary",
                    "id": "disease-timeline-q02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "longitudinal-interpretation",
            "name": "Longitudinal interpretation",
            "description": "Assesses whether serial findings demonstrate clinically meaningful change.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "activity-versus-residual-loss",
                "name": "Activity versus residual loss",
                "description": "Distinguish evidence of ongoing injury from established loss and measurement variation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which comparable serial examinations demonstrate deterioration, recovery, or stability, and what change threshold was used?",
                    "kind": "measurement",
                    "id": "activity-versus-residual-loss-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What supports current disease activity rather than residual atrophy or persistent visual impairment from an earlier injury?",
                    "kind": "definition",
                    "id": "activity-versus-residual-loss-q02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "clinical-action-and-outlook",
        "name": "Clinical action and outlook",
        "description": "Connects the evidence profile to attributed clinical pathways and an uncertainty-aware outlook.",
        "rationale": "Urgency, potential reversibility, and useful interventions depend on the mechanism, timing, and remaining visual function.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "urgency-and-investigation",
            "name": "Urgency and investigation",
            "description": "Represents assessment priorities and the evidence needed to resolve actionable uncertainty.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "cause-dependent-assessment",
                "name": "Cause-dependent assessment",
                "description": "Bind escalation and investigation decisions to a documented pathway and the observed presentation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Do the onset pattern, rate of visual change, associated symptoms, or suspected mechanism meet a named pathway's criteria for urgent assessment?",
                    "kind": "action",
                    "id": "cause-dependent-assessment-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which next investigation would distinguish plausible causes or change management, and who is responsible for interpreting it?",
                    "kind": "action",
                    "id": "cause-dependent-assessment-q02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "management-and-prognosis",
            "name": "Management and prognosis",
            "description": "Records the basis for management choices and expectations about future vision.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "mechanism-specific-options",
                "name": "Mechanism-specific options",
                "description": "Separate actions aimed at the cause, prevention of further injury, and support for established visual impairment.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which management options are supported for the established or suspected cause, under what clinical authority and constraints?",
                    "kind": "action",
                    "id": "mechanism-specific-options-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What evidence supports expectations for recovery, further loss, fellow-eye involvement, or rehabilitation needs, and how applicable is it to this case?",
                    "kind": "provenance",
                    "id": "mechanism-specific-options-q02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment",
        "name": "Evidence and external alignment",
        "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.",
        "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "reported-evidence",
            "name": "Reported evidence",
            "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "evidence-confidence-notes",
                "name": "Check these first",
                "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                "evidence": [
                  "This is an umbrella category with no single diagnostic criterion set, stage system, treatment, or meaningful pooled prevalence.",
                  "Verify the registry's intended boundary, particularly whether glaucomatous disease and optic chiasm disorders are included.",
                  "Codes are recalled rather than checked; verify current terminology releases and national adaptations before formal coding."
                ],
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01",
                    "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of optic nerve disease this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "id": "evidence-kinds",
                "name": "Kinds and varieties",
                "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                "evidence": [
                  "Inflammatory optic neuropathy, including optic neuritis",
                  "Ischaemic optic neuropathy",
                  "Glaucomatous optic neuropathy",
                  "Compressive optic neuropathy",
                  "Hereditary optic neuropathy",
                  "Toxic or nutritional optic neuropathy"
                ],
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "id": "evidence-kinds-q01",
                    "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of optic nerve disease this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "id": "evidence-identifiers",
                "name": "Identifiers and schemes",
                "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                "evidence": [
                  {
                    "scheme": "ICD-10",
                    "value_or_pattern": "H46",
                    "note": "WHO category for optic neuritis; it represents one subgroup, not all optic nerve disease."
                  },
                  {
                    "scheme": "ICD-10",
                    "value_or_pattern": "H47",
                    "note": "WHO category covering other disorders of the optic nerve and visual pathways; broader than optic nerve disease alone."
                  },
                  {
                    "scheme": "SNOMED CT",
                    "value_or_pattern": "Numeric concept identifier",
                    "note": "Select the concept for the specific disorder and record the terminology edition and release."
                  }
                ],
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01",
                    "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of optic nerve disease this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation",
                "name": "Standards and regulation",
                "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                "evidence": [
                  "World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases, ICD-10 and ICD-11, for diagnostic classification; revision and national modification must accompany codes.",
                  "SNOMED International SNOMED CT for clinical terminology; edition and release determine the available concepts."
                ],
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01",
                    "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of optic nerve disease this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "id": "evidence-real-world-use",
                "name": "Real-world use",
                "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                "evidence": [
                  "Localising visual loss to the optic nerve through history, examination, and targeted testing.",
                  "Distinguishing inflammatory, vascular, compressive, inherited, and toxic causes because management and prognosis differ.",
                  "Monitoring structural and functional changes using optical coherence tomography and visual field testing.",
                  "Documenting a disorder separately from the patient, diagnostic assessment, and episode of care."
                ],
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01",
                    "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of optic nerve disease this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "id": "evidence-measurements",
                "name": "Typical measurements",
                "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                "evidence": [
                  {
                    "quantity": "Best-corrected visual acuity",
                    "typical_range": "No universal disease-specific range; central acuity may remain normal despite other optic nerve deficits.",
                    "unit": "logMAR or Snellen notation"
                  },
                  {
                    "quantity": "Peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness",
                    "typical_range": "Interpret against device-specific and age-adjusted reference data; swelling and axonal loss affect thickness differently.",
                    "unit": "micrometres"
                  },
                  {
                    "quantity": "Visual field mean deviation",
                    "typical_range": "No universal diagnostic threshold; interpretation depends on the instrument, test strategy, and defect pattern.",
                    "unit": "decibels"
                  }
                ],
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "id": "evidence-measurements-q01",
                    "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of optic nerve disease this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards",
                "name": "Failure modes and hazards",
                "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                "evidence": [
                  "Permanent visual impairment from irreversible retinal ganglion cell and axonal loss.",
                  "Delayed recognition of arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy associated with giant cell arteritis can endanger vision in the fellow eye.",
                  "Compressive disease may progress while the underlying lesion remains undetected.",
                  "Normal central visual acuity or an initially normal-looking optic disc can conceal significant optic nerve dysfunction.",
                  "Optic disc swelling can be mistaken for a specific diagnosis even though it has multiple causes."
                ],
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01",
                    "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of optic nerve disease this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "id": "evidence-regional-variation",
                "name": "Regional variation",
                "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                "evidence": [
                  "National ICD modifications differ in coding detail and cannot be assumed to match WHO categories exactly.",
                  "Access to optical coherence tomography, orbital imaging, genetic testing, and neuro-ophthalmology varies by health system."
                ],
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01",
                    "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of optic nerve disease this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "id": "evidence-neighbours",
                "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart",
                "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                "evidence": [
                  {
                    "name": "Optic neuritis",
                    "difference": "An inflammatory subtype of optic nerve disease; the broader category includes non-inflammatory causes."
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "Retinal disease",
                    "difference": "Primarily affects retinal tissue; localisation uses fundus examination, imaging, functional testing, and the pattern of visual dysfunction."
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "Papilloedema",
                    "difference": "Optic disc swelling specifically caused by raised intracranial pressure; it is a clinical sign rather than a synonym for optic nerve disease."
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "Optic atrophy",
                    "difference": "Describes established axonal loss and associated optic disc pallor, often an outcome of several different optic nerve diseases."
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "Post-chiasmal visual pathway disease",
                    "difference": "Affects structures behind the optic chiasm rather than the optic nerve; homonymous visual field defects help localise it."
                  }
                ],
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01",
                    "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of optic nerve disease this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Does the registry intend optic nerve disease to include all glaucomatous optic neuropathies and optic disc disorders, and which existing models must this entry reference to avoid duplication?",
    "Which current ICD-10, ICD-11, and SNOMED CT concepts match this umbrella term and its subtypes in the intended jurisdictions?",
    "Which issuing bodies provide applicable subtype-specific diagnostic criteria, urgency pathways, and progression definitions, and what versions should be adopted?",
    "Which functional and structural measures have sufficiently comparable protocols and validated change thresholds across the intended optic nerve disease subtypes?",
    "What prevalence and prognosis estimates are supported for clearly defined subtypes, populations, and study periods without implying that the umbrella category has one uniform risk profile?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 6,
    "layers": 11,
    "findings": 19,
    "questions": 29
  }
}
