{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T13:33:51Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 1,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T16:30:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T13:26:51+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:58+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q28813",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.fraud",
    "name": "fraud",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.1",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "ACT.ACT"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q28813/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.fraud",
    "name": "fraud",
    "purpose": "Let an agent help people recognise, prevent and report fraud, support victims with practical next steps, and decline any help committing fraud.",
    "definition": "Intentional deception to secure unlawful or unfair gain or to cause loss to another, such as investment and romance scams, phishing, identity fraud, invoice fraud, counterfeit medicines sold online, exit scams and election fraud; fraud is a crime in most jurisdictions.",
    "what_it_is_for": "A crime and risk relevant to consumers, businesses and institutions.",
    "affordances": [
      "recognise warning signs of common scams",
      "take immediate steps after fraud",
      "report fraud to the right bodies",
      "find victim support"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Intentional deception",
      "Aims at gain or causing loss",
      "Often uses impersonation",
      "Criminal offence"
    ],
    "appearance": "Deceptive messages, fake websites, forged documents and misleading offers.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Urgency, secrecy and unusual payment requests",
      "Impersonation of banks, police or officials",
      "Honest mistakes are not fraud"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "investment and crypto scams",
      "romance and impersonation scams",
      "phishing and identity fraud",
      "business and invoice fraud",
      "counterfeit goods and medicines"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "deception",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a",
        "target": "crime",
        "why": "legal status"
      },
      {
        "relation": "includes",
        "target": "phishing",
        "why": "example"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is reported to",
        "target": "police and fraud reporting centres",
        "why": "authority"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "National fraud offences",
      "Payment services rules on reimbursing fraud victims",
      "Consumer protection law"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Victims sending more money to recovery scams",
      "Shame preventing reporting",
      "Facilitating fraud"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain common types of fraud and the warning signs at a general level.",
        "Help a person report suspected fraud to their bank or the competent authority.",
        "Flag messages or transactions that match known fraud patterns to the person they concern."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Assist in planning, writing, executing or concealing any fraud or scam.",
        "Impersonate a bank, authority or person to obtain money or data.",
        "Accuse a named person of fraud without a conviction or clear evidence.",
        "Collect or share victims' personal data beyond what reporting requires."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Freezing an account or blocking a payment on suspicion of fraud.",
        "Reporting an identifiable person to the police."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Fraud victims often lose savings and feel shame, which keeps them from reporting.",
        "Fraud detection can wrongly flag innocent people, often from minority or poor communities."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Victims, often older or vulnerable people",
        "People wrongly suspected",
        "Businesses and public funds"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns it; police, regulators and courts address it.",
      "master_systems": [
        "Police and national fraud reporting centres"
      ]
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q28813: fraud",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28813",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Fraud",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraud",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "now",
        "name": "Now",
        "description": "Immediate steps.",
        "rationale": "Act quickly.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "paid",
            "name": "Paid",
            "description": "Money sent.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "paid-finding",
                "name": "Paid",
                "description": "Money already sent.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Has someone already paid or shared bank details with a suspected fraudster?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Should they contact their bank immediately using a trusted number?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "report",
            "name": "Report",
            "description": "Reporting.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "report-finding",
                "name": "Report",
                "description": "Reporting fraud.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Where should this fraud be reported here, such as police or a fraud reporting centre?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What evidence should be kept?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "recognise",
        "name": "Recognise",
        "description": "Warning signs.",
        "rationale": "Signs repeat.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "signs",
            "name": "Signs",
            "description": "Red flags.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "signs-finding",
                "name": "Signs",
                "description": "Warning signs.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Does this message show common signs of a scam, such as urgency or unusual payment methods?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which official scam guidance describes it?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "verify",
            "name": "Verify",
            "description": "Checking.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "verify-finding",
                "name": "Verify",
                "description": "Verification.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can the claimed organisation be contacted independently to verify?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the company registered with the regulator?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "support",
        "name": "Support",
        "description": "Victims.",
        "rationale": "Victims deserve support.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "victims",
            "name": "Victims",
            "description": "Support services.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "victims-finding",
                "name": "Victims",
                "description": "Victim support.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which victim support services help people affected by fraud?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the person distressed or at risk?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "recovery",
            "name": "Recovery",
            "description": "Recovery scams.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "recovery-finding",
                "name": "Recovery",
                "description": "Recovery scams.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is someone offering to recover lost money for a fee?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Why is this often a second scam?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "limits",
        "name": "Limits",
        "description": "Agent conduct.",
        "rationale": "No facilitation.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "decline",
            "name": "Decline",
            "description": "No help to defraud.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "decline-finding",
                "name": "Decline",
                "description": "Fraud limits.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Does the request seek to deceive others for gain?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How should the agent decline?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "business",
            "name": "Business",
            "description": "Prevention in organisations.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "business-finding",
                "name": "Business",
                "description": "Organisational prevention.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which controls prevent invoice and payment fraud in organisations?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How should staff be trained?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should fraud types be separate entries?",
    "How should reporting routes be localised?",
    "How should scam warnings be linked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}