{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T20:49:57Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 3,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T10:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:01:33+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "revisions": [
      {
        "at": "2026-10-06T22:48:00+00:00",
        "engine": "codex",
        "fields": [
          "definition"
        ],
        "answering_review": "f4394dbe775631d6fc3a73ba8bafe410acda30b7bd68a76f1a5410ad3744c257"
      }
    ],
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:29+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q31087",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.calculator",
    "name": "calculator",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.3",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.OBJ"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q31087/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.calculator",
    "name": "calculator",
    "purpose": "Let an agent identify calculator types and their capabilities, explain how they work and what they can and cannot compute, relay examination rules and standards, and separate calculators from computers and from calculation itself.",
    "definition": "An electronic device for performing arithmetic and other mathematical calculations, including pocket, desktop, scientific, graphing and programmable calculators; calculators are regulated for use in examinations and were a milestone in consumer electronics.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Performing calculations quickly and reliably.",
    "affordances": [
      "identify the type and capabilities",
      "explain how calculators compute and display",
      "relay examination and workplace rules",
      "distinguish calculators from computers"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Dedicated to calculation",
      "Fixed function set by type",
      "Battery or solar powered",
      "Regulated in examinations"
    ],
    "appearance": "A handheld or desktop device with a numeric keypad, function keys and a display, or an app on a screen.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Keypad and display dedicated to calculation",
      "Types: basic, scientific, graphing, financial, programmable",
      "A computer is general purpose; an abacus and slide rule are manual aids"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "display precision",
        "typical_range": "about 8-16",
        "unit": "digits",
        "note": "typical"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "first pocket electronic calculators",
        "typical_range": "early 1970s",
        "unit": "period",
        "note": ""
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "basic four-function calculators",
      "scientific calculators",
      "graphing calculators",
      "financial calculators",
      "programmable and pocket computers",
      "mechanical and historical calculators",
      "software and online calculators"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "calculating tool",
        "why": "the category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "electronic device",
        "why": "in its modern form"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is contrasted with",
        "target": "computer",
        "why": "general purpose machine"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is preceded by",
        "target": "slide rule",
        "why": "an earlier aid"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "model number",
        "value_or_pattern": "manufacturer",
        "note": "such as FX series"
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Examination board rules on permitted calculators",
      "Electrical safety and battery regulations",
      "Accessibility standards for devices"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Rounding and precision errors",
      "Order of operations differences between models",
      "Use of prohibited models in examinations",
      "Battery hazards"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Perform calculations and show the steps and order of operations used.",
        "Explain differences in how calculator models handle order of operations and rounding."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Present a rounded result as exact.",
        "Help someone use a calculator where the rules of an exam forbid it.",
        "Give results for critical work, such as drug doses, without stating checks.",
        "Hide the precision limits of the calculation."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Using a calculated value for a medical dose or structural decision."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Calculation errors in medicine and engineering can harm people.",
        "Unequal access to calculators affects fairness in exams."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Students",
        "Patients and the public",
        "Professionals relying on results"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The person who owns it.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q31087: calculator",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31087",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Calculator",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculator",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "identify",
        "name": "Identify",
        "description": "Which calculator.",
        "rationale": "Identity.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "type",
            "name": "Type",
            "description": "Type and capabilities.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "type-finding",
                "name": "Type",
                "description": "Type.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What type of calculator is this, and what can it compute?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the question about a calculator, a computer or calculation in general?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "model",
            "name": "Model",
            "description": "Model.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "model-finding",
                "name": "Model",
                "description": "Model.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which model is it, and what are its specifications?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the specific model?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "work",
        "name": "Work",
        "description": "How it works.",
        "rationale": "Engineering.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "computation",
            "name": "Computation",
            "description": "Computation and precision.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "computation-finding",
                "name": "Computation",
                "description": "Computation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do calculators represent numbers and compute functions, and what precision do they have?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits floating point arithmetic?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "use",
            "name": "Use",
            "description": "Using it correctly.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "use-finding",
                "name": "Use",
                "description": "Use.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do input conventions and order of operations differ between models?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "rules",
        "name": "Rules",
        "description": "Examinations and workplaces.",
        "rationale": "Regulation.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "exams",
            "name": "Exams",
            "description": "Examination rules.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "exams-finding",
                "name": "Exams",
                "description": "Exams.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which calculators are permitted in examinations, and where are the rules published?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits examination regulations?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "professional",
            "name": "Professional",
            "description": "Professional use.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "professional-finding",
                "name": "Professional",
                "description": "Professional.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are financial and scientific calculators used professionally?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits financial mathematics?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "history",
        "name": "History",
        "description": "History and education.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did calculators develop from mechanical machines to electronic and software forms?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the history of computing?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "education",
            "name": "Education",
            "description": "Calculators in teaching.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "education-finding",
                "name": "Education",
                "description": "Education.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What debates exist about calculators in mathematics education, with positions attributed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the presentation neutral?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should graphing calculators be a separate entry?",
    "How should examination rules be linked?",
    "The registry entry has merged aliases naming specific models; should they be split off?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}