{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T11:12:43Z",
    "providers": [
      "Codex"
    ],
    "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read",
    "missingProviders": [],
    "pass": 2,
    "cost": {
      "grok": {
        "seconds": 16.4,
        "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a09550-afc5-71a1-ab18-d3111b92d6f9\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: median cubital vein\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.LIV\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 044: ",
        "usd": 0.0,
        "recall": true
      },
      "codex": {
        "seconds": 74.9,
        "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a09550-afa7-7522-94a1-ff38a90ad090\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: median cubital vein\nRegistry id: vr.tr.median-cubital-vein\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this "
      }
    },
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T12:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T08:49:01+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "failure_modes_and_hazards",
        "owners",
        "standards_and_regulation",
        "visual_identification"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:30+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q3320949",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.median-cubital-vein",
    "name": "median cubital vein",
    "version": "0.1.0-research.1",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.LIV"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q3320949/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.median-cubital-vein",
    "name": "median cubital vein",
    "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify a median cubital vein, describe its individual anatomy and condition, and support an evidence-based assessment of its potential use for venous access.",
    "definition": "The median cubital vein is a variable superficial vein at the anterior elbow that typically connects the cephalic and basilic veins and lies superficial to the bicipital aponeurosis.",
    "scope_statement": "This model owns vr.tr.median-cubital-vein in PHY / PHY.LIV: the anatomical vessel type and observations of individual instances at the anterior elbow, including connections, variation, local relationships and condition; its initial anatomical scope is human.",
    "in_scope": [
      "Identification of the median cubital vein in a specified individual and limb",
      "Course and connections within the superficial venous network at the elbow",
      "Presence, absence and anatomical variants",
      "Measured geometry, patency and local tissue relationships",
      "Vessel-specific evidence relevant to venous access and subsequent local changes"
    ],
    "out_of_scope": [
      "The complete upper-limb venous network",
      "Cephalic, basilic and median antebrachial veins beyond their relationships to this vessel",
      "Whole-organism taxonomy, life history and conservation status",
      "Systemic vascular disorders and their treatment plans",
      "Venipuncture technique, access devices and procedural protocols",
      "Laboratory interpretation of blood collected from the vessel"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Identify the vessel by its course and traced junctions at the anterior elbow; location near the elbow crease alone is insufficient.",
      "A documented arrangement connects the cephalic and basilic veins obliquely; distinguish this connecting segment from either longitudinal vein. [Anatomical study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23131916/)",
      "Distinguish the median cubital vein from the median antebrachial vein by tracing their connections rather than relying on similar names or an assumed letter-shaped pattern. [Anatomical study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23131916/)",
      "Do not make a superficial position relative to the bicipital aponeurosis an absolute identity criterion: a deep course has been reported. [Anatomical case report](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9205326/)",
      "Require evidence of venous identity when an adjacent vessel could be an artery; a visible linear structure is not sufficient identification."
    ],
    "characteristics": [
      {
        "name": "Individual and limb",
        "kind": "relation",
        "unit_or_values": "Individual or specimen reference; left or right upper limb",
        "why_it_matters": "Keeps observations attached to the correct vessel instance without assuming bilateral symmetry."
      },
      {
        "name": "Identification status",
        "kind": "state",
        "unit_or_values": "Confirmed; provisional; not visualized; absent after adequate assessment; indeterminate",
        "why_it_matters": "Separates failure to detect the vein from evidence that it is absent."
      },
      {
        "name": "Connected vessels",
        "kind": "relation",
        "unit_or_values": "Traced junctions with named superficial veins and any observed deep communications; unresolved junctions explicit",
        "why_it_matters": "Supports anatomical identity and captures variation without forcing a standard pattern."
      },
      {
        "name": "Course relative to elbow landmarks",
        "kind": "relation",
        "unit_or_values": "Mapped path relative to elbow crease, epicondyles and bicipital aponeurosis",
        "why_it_matters": "Makes the identified segment relocatable and distinguishes surface landmarks from internal relationships."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lumen diameter",
        "kind": "measurement",
        "unit_or_values": "mm; measurement site, imaging plane and distension conditions recorded",
        "why_it_matters": "Supports comparison of vessel caliber across sites or observations."
      },
      {
        "name": "Skin-to-vessel depth",
        "kind": "measurement",
        "unit_or_values": "mm to a specified vessel boundary; limb position and probe pressure recorded",
        "why_it_matters": "Describes accessibility without treating apparent surface prominence as depth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Mapped segment length",
        "kind": "measurement",
        "unit_or_values": "mm between explicitly identified endpoints",
        "why_it_matters": "Separates the full identified vessel from the portion assessed for a particular purpose."
      },
      {
        "name": "Patency assessment",
        "kind": "state",
        "unit_or_values": "Patent; partially obstructed; occluded; indeterminate; not assessed",
        "why_it_matters": "Records the assessed lumen state separately from the evidence used to infer it."
      },
      {
        "name": "Compressibility",
        "kind": "state",
        "unit_or_values": "Complete; partial; absent; indeterminate; not assessed, with method",
        "why_it_matters": "Preserves an observable response without making it a standalone diagnosis."
      },
      {
        "name": "Observed flow",
        "kind": "measurement",
        "unit_or_values": "Direction relative to named junctions; velocity in cm/s if measured; method and conditions",
        "why_it_matters": "Avoids inferring current flow direction or adequacy from vessel names alone."
      },
      {
        "name": "Nearby vulnerable structures",
        "kind": "relation",
        "unit_or_values": "Mapped arteries, nerves and aponeurosis; separation in mm where measured; visibility limitations",
        "why_it_matters": "Makes local access assessment depend on observed anatomy."
      },
      {
        "name": "Local access assessment",
        "kind": "state",
        "unit_or_values": "Not assessed; potentially suitable; unsuitable; indeterminate, tied to intended use, assessor and time",
        "why_it_matters": "Prevents a vessel name or historical assessment from becoming automatic procedural authorization."
      }
    ],
    "affordances": [
      "Locate and annotate the vessel in a limb examination, ultrasound study or anatomical specimen.",
      "Trace its junctions and classify its observed arrangement while retaining unclassified variants.",
      "Compare caliber, depth, compressibility and flow under documented observation conditions.",
      "Flag unresolved identity or nearby structures requiring additional assessment before access decisions.",
      "Supply vessel-specific evidence to a qualified clinician's venous-access assessment.",
      "Track local changes following a documented puncture or other intervention."
    ],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Describe the median cubital vein and why it is a common blood-draw site, from reliable sources.",
        "Help clinicians document which site was used and any complications after a blood draw."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Insert a needle into a person's vein or guide an untrained person to do so.",
        "Advise anyone on injecting drugs into a vein.",
        "Diagnose clots, infection or nerve injury at the elbow in a particular person.",
        "Proceed with any procedure on a person who has not consented."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Any venipuncture or cannulation, which must be done by a trained person with consent."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Blood draws are routine but invasive; consent and skill protect the patient.",
        "Repeated or careless puncture can injure nerves and arteries nearby."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Patients giving blood",
        "Phlebotomists and nurses",
        "Blood donors"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns it; it is part of each person's body, and the clinician drawing blood answers for each procedure.",
      "master_systems": []
    },
    "visual_identification": [
      "A superficial vein crossing the front of the elbow on a diagonal, often visible under the skin.",
      "Becomes more prominent when a tourniquet is applied above the elbow."
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Poor technique can cause bruising, haematoma or injury to nearby nerves and the brachial artery.",
      "Contaminated equipment can transmit infection.",
      "Its course varies between people, which can mislead a blood draw."
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "WHO guidelines on drawing blood: best practices in phlebotomy, World Health Organization."
    ],
    "what_it_is_for": [
      "The median cubital vein is encountered in anatomical study and clinical assessment of superficial veins at the front of the elbow.",
      "It is commonly considered for blood sampling and blood donation because it can offer accessible venous access.",
      "Its suitability depends on individual anatomy and condition, so the expected location alone does not establish its identity or usability."
    ]
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q3320949: median cubital vein",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3320949",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Median cubital vein",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_cubital_vein",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "identity-and-venous-connections",
        "name": "Identity and venous connections",
        "description": "Establish which anterior-elbow vessel is being represented and how it joins the local venous network.",
        "rationale": "Similar names and variable venous arrangements make position alone an unreliable identifier.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "limb-specific-identification",
            "name": "Limb-specific identification",
            "description": "Bind anatomical identification to an individual, side and observed vessel segment.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "identified-median-cubital-segment",
                "name": "Identified median cubital segment",
                "description": "Record the evidence supporting the name and retain a provisional identification when the course or junctions remain unresolved.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which individual, limb and traced segment does this identification refer to?",
                    "kind": "boundary",
                    "id": "identified-median-cubital-segment-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What observed course and junctions justify calling this segment the median cubital vein?",
                    "kind": "definition",
                    "id": "identified-median-cubital-segment-q02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "junctions-and-tributaries",
            "name": "Junctions and tributaries",
            "description": "Describe actual venous connections without substituting a standard diagram for observation.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "traced-connection-map",
                "name": "Traced connection map",
                "description": "Represent the median cubital segment separately from adjoining cephalic, basilic and median antebrachial segments; published observations document differing connections. [Anatomical study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23131916/)",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which named vessels join the segment, and which junctions were directly traced?",
                    "kind": "boundary",
                    "id": "traced-connection-map-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What examination, image series or dissection supports each recorded connection?",
                    "kind": "provenance",
                    "id": "traced-connection-map-q02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "presence-and-anatomical-variation",
        "name": "Presence and anatomical variation",
        "description": "Represent missing, unresolved and atypically arranged median cubital veins.",
        "rationale": "A model must accommodate individual anatomy without treating the expected arrangement as mandatory.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "presence-evidence",
            "name": "Presence evidence",
            "description": "Distinguish observed presence from nonvisualization and adequately supported absence.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "presence-versus-nonvisualization",
                "name": "Presence versus nonvisualization",
                "description": "A vein not seen in one examination remains distinct from a vein shown to be absent.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Was the median cubital vein identified, not visualized or judged absent?",
                    "kind": "definition",
                    "id": "presence-versus-nonvisualization-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What anatomical coverage and observation conditions support that judgment?",
                    "kind": "provenance",
                    "id": "presence-versus-nonvisualization-q02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "variant-description",
            "name": "Variant description",
            "description": "Capture the observed arrangement before assigning a named classification.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "described-venous-pattern",
                "name": "Described venous pattern",
                "description": "Describe branching and connecting segments directly; retain the classification source when a pattern label is added.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What arrangement is actually present, including any duplicated or unresolved connecting segments?",
                    "kind": "boundary",
                    "id": "described-venous-pattern-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which published classification, if any, defines the pattern label used here?",
                    "kind": "provenance",
                    "id": "described-venous-pattern-q02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "elbow-topography-and-geometry",
        "name": "Elbow topography and geometry",
        "description": "Describe the vessel's course, dimensions and relationships to structures around the elbow.",
        "rationale": "The practical significance of this vein depends on its individual location and surrounding anatomy.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "course-depth-and-caliber",
            "name": "Course, depth and caliber",
            "description": "Make the mapped segment and its measurements reproducible.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "conditioned-geometric-measurements",
                "name": "Conditioned geometric measurements",
                "description": "Record vessel depth, caliber and segment length with landmarks, limb position and measurement conditions.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the lumen diameter, skin-to-vessel depth and mapped length at explicitly marked sites?",
                    "kind": "measurement",
                    "id": "conditioned-geometric-measurements-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What elbow position, tourniquet state and probe pressure applied during measurement?",
                    "kind": "provenance",
                    "id": "conditioned-geometric-measurements-q02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "aponeurosis-and-neurovascular-neighbors",
            "name": "Aponeurosis and neurovascular neighbors",
            "description": "Map surrounding structures instead of presuming a protective anatomical arrangement.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "observed-aponeurotic-relationship",
                "name": "Observed aponeurotic relationship",
                "description": "Record whether the vein is superficial or deep to the bicipital aponeurosis; a deep-course variant has been documented. [Anatomical case report](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9205326/)",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the observed relationship between this segment and the bicipital aponeurosis?",
                    "kind": "boundary",
                    "id": "observed-aponeurotic-relationship-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Was that relationship directly demonstrated or inferred from expected anatomy?",
                    "kind": "provenance",
                    "id": "observed-aponeurotic-relationship-q02"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "id": "arterial-and-nerve-proximity",
                "name": "Arterial and nerve proximity",
                "description": "Record observed arterial and nerve relationships, with unresolved structures explicit; cutaneous nerve relationships vary between specimens. [Anatomical study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18428997/)",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which arteries and nerves were identified near the assessed segment, and what separations were measured?",
                    "kind": "measurement",
                    "id": "arterial-and-nerve-proximity-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which relevant structures could not be resolved by the examination method?",
                    "kind": "boundary",
                    "id": "arterial-and-nerve-proximity-q02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "lumen-flow-and-local-condition",
        "name": "Lumen, flow and local condition",
        "description": "Represent the observed vessel state separately from anatomical identity.",
        "rationale": "Identification of a median cubital vein does not establish its current patency or condition.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "patency-and-flow-observations",
            "name": "Patency and flow observations",
            "description": "Keep lumen appearance, compressibility and flow evidence linked but distinct.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "supported-patency-assessment",
                "name": "Supported patency assessment",
                "description": "Record the evidence and uncertainty behind an assessment of patency rather than translating one observation directly into a diagnosis.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What lumen appearance, compressibility and flow findings were observed in this segment?",
                    "kind": "measurement",
                    "id": "supported-patency-assessment-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What assessment do these observations support, and what remains indeterminate?",
                    "kind": "definition",
                    "id": "supported-patency-assessment-q02"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "wall-and-surrounding-tissue",
            "name": "Wall and surrounding tissue",
            "description": "Describe local abnormalities and distinguish intravascular findings from surrounding changes.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "localized-abnormality-record",
                "name": "Localized abnormality record",
                "description": "Record observed wall changes, intraluminal material, tenderness, swelling or adjacent collections without assigning an unsupported cause.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is the observed abnormality within the lumen, in the vessel wall or in surrounding tissue?",
                    "kind": "boundary",
                    "id": "localized-abnormality-record-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What extent, appearance and observation time were recorded?",
                    "kind": "measurement",
                    "id": "localized-abnormality-record-q02"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Does the finding require clinical review before this vessel is considered for access?",
                    "kind": "action",
                    "id": "localized-abnormality-record-q03"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "venous-access-assessment-and-follow-up",
        "name": "Venous access assessment and follow-up",
        "description": "Connect vessel-specific evidence to an intended access use and subsequent local observations.",
        "rationale": "The model must distinguish anatomical availability, assessed suitability and the outcome of an actual intervention.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "intended-use-assessment",
            "name": "Intended-use assessment",
            "description": "Summarize whether sufficient local evidence exists for a clinician to assess the proposed use.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "use-specific-suitability",
                "name": "Use-specific suitability",
                "description": "Tie any suitability judgment to the intended procedure, assessed segment, current observations and responsible clinician.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "For what intended use and precisely mapped segment is suitability being assessed?",
                    "kind": "boundary",
                    "id": "use-specific-suitability-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What additional anatomical or condition evidence is needed before a clinician can decide?",
                    "kind": "action",
                    "id": "use-specific-suitability-q02"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Who made the assessment, when, and under which applicable clinical protocol?",
                    "kind": "provenance",
                    "id": "use-specific-suitability-q03"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "access-history-and-local-response",
            "name": "Access history and local response",
            "description": "Link documented interventions to observations of the same vessel and surrounding tissue.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "documented-post-access-change",
                "name": "Documented post-access change",
                "description": "Record puncture location and subsequent local findings while separating temporal association from established causation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What documented intervention involved this vessel, at which site and time?",
                    "kind": "provenance",
                    "id": "documented-post-access-change-q01"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What changes in symptoms, swelling, patency or surrounding tissue were observed afterward?",
                    "kind": "measurement",
                    "id": "documented-post-access-change-q02"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What follow-up or reassessment did the responsible clinician specify?",
                    "kind": "action",
                    "id": "documented-post-access-change-q03"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment",
        "name": "Evidence and external alignment",
        "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.",
        "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "reported-evidence",
            "name": "Reported evidence",
            "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "evidence-confidence-notes",
                "name": "Check these first",
                "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                "evidence": [
                  "The usual cephalic-to-basilic connection is not universal; absence, duplication and alternative superficial venous patterns occur.",
                  "Diameter, depth and course depend on individual anatomy and examination conditions; no universal typical measurement is asserted.",
                  "This is anatomical recall without source verification; population frequencies and detailed variant classifications require checking."
                ],
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01",
                    "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of median cubital vein this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "id": "evidence-identifiers",
                "name": "Identifiers and schemes",
                "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                "evidence": [
                  {
                    "scheme": "Terminologia Anatomica",
                    "value_or_pattern": "Vena mediana cubiti",
                    "note": "Standard Latin anatomical name."
                  }
                ],
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01",
                    "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of median cubital vein this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation",
                "name": "Standards and regulation",
                "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                "evidence": [
                  "Terminologia Anatomica, maintained by the Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology (FIPAT), standardizes anatomical nomenclature."
                ],
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01",
                    "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of median cubital vein this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "id": "evidence-real-world-use",
                "name": "Real-world use",
                "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                "evidence": [
                  "Common site for venous blood sampling.",
                  "Assessed during selection of peripheral venous access sites."
                ],
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01",
                    "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of median cubital vein this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards",
                "name": "Failure modes and hazards",
                "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                "evidence": [
                  "Venipuncture can cause bruising or hematoma.",
                  "Nearby cutaneous nerves can be injured during venipuncture.",
                  "Excessively deep needle placement can injure deeper structures, including the brachial artery.",
                  "Local infection or superficial thrombophlebitis can follow venous access.",
                  "Variable anatomy or absence can make identification and access difficult."
                ],
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01",
                    "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of median cubital vein this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "id": "evidence-regional-variation",
                "name": "Regional variation",
                "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                "evidence": [
                  "Reported frequencies of superficial elbow venous patterns differ among studied populations; individual anatomy remains variable."
                ],
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01",
                    "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of median cubital vein this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              },
              {
                "id": "evidence-neighbours",
                "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart",
                "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.",
                "evidence": [
                  {
                    "name": "Cephalic vein",
                    "difference": "Runs predominantly along the lateral superficial upper limb; the median cubital vein typically connects it to the basilic vein at the elbow."
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "Basilic vein",
                    "difference": "Runs predominantly along the medial superficial upper limb; it typically receives the median cubital connection."
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "Median antebrachial vein",
                    "difference": "Ascends the superficial anterior forearm and has variable termination; it is distinct from the connecting vein across the elbow."
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "Brachial veins",
                    "difference": "Deep veins accompanying the brachial artery, whereas the median cubital vein is superficial."
                  },
                  {
                    "name": "Bicipital aponeurosis",
                    "difference": "A fibrous expansion of the biceps tendon beneath the usual course of the median cubital vein, rather than a blood vessel."
                  }
                ],
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01",
                    "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of median cubital vein this model covers, and on what evidence?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Does the registry intend human anatomy exclusively, or should comparative anatomy be included through explicitly defined species-specific extensions?",
    "Which anatomical terminology authority should govern the boundary between a median cubital vein and median cephalic or median basilic branches in ambiguous arrangements?",
    "Which venous-pattern classification is suitable for this catalogue, and how should observations outside its categories be represented?",
    "What examination coverage and evidence are sufficient to distinguish true absence from nonvisualization across clinical imaging and anatomical specimens?",
    "Which validated, procedure-specific criteria should govern local suitability assessments, and how should their population and measurement limitations be recorded?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 6,
    "layers": 11,
    "findings": 18,
    "questions": 32
  }
}
