{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T06:20:57Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T00:10:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:54:25+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "revisions": [
      {
        "at": "2026-10-06T22:49:45+00:00",
        "engine": "codex",
        "fields": [
          "definition",
          "visual_identification"
        ],
        "answering_review": "e40f42aa2d0ef8ec4df2252d040ed5338239a8c7e923f6c696b3f2b5cc20a6d5"
      }
    ],
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:30+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q3481903",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.strong-inflection",
    "name": "strong inflection",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "XCT.REL"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q3481903/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.strong-inflection",
    "name": "strong inflection",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain strong inflection in Germanic verbs and adjectives, describe the classes and their history, support learners in recognising and forming strong forms, and support linguistic teaching.",
    "definition": "In Germanic languages, an inflectional pattern in which verbs mark tense by changing the stem vowel, as in sing, sang, sung, rather than by adding a dental suffix as weak verbs do, and in which adjectives take distinctive strong endings according to language-specific rules involving determiners and grammatical context, so the absence of a definite article alone is not a sufficient rule; strong inflection occurs in English, German, Dutch, the Scandinavian languages and their ancestors, with its forms and distribution varying by language, and is inherited from Proto-Germanic as a major feature of Germanic grammar.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Germanic vowel-change inflection.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain strong verbs and adjectives",
      "describe classes and history",
      "support learners",
      "support teaching"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Ablaut vowel change",
      "Seven traditional verb classes",
      "Adjective endings",
      "Proto-Germanic inheritance"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not physical; a grammatical pattern.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Strong verbs show stem vowel alternation, while strong adjective endings depend on language-specific determiner and grammatical contexts.",
      "Strong inflection occurs in English, German, Dutch, Scandinavian and older Germanic languages, with patterns varying by language.",
      "Weak verbs use dental suffixes, while the choice of strong or weak adjective endings follows the rules of the particular language."
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "strong verbs in English",
      "strong verbs in German and Dutch",
      "strong verbs in Scandinavian languages",
      "strong adjective inflection",
      "strong inflection in older Germanic languages"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "conjugation class",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "inflected form",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "third declension",
        "why": "an inflection class in Latin for comparison"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "Zaliznyak classification",
        "why": "an inflection class system for Russian"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Standard grammars of Germanic languages",
      "Language teaching curricula",
      "No regulation of the concept"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Confusing strong with irregular",
      "Applying one language classes to another",
      "Ignoring ongoing change from strong to weak"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain strong verbs and strong adjective endings in Germanic languages.",
        "Check strong forms in a user's own text."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Present regional or historical forms as wrong when they are valid in their variety.",
        "Mock speakers for nonstandard verb forms.",
        "Invent historical forms without sources."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Correcting texts that will be published or used in exams."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Judgements about correct grammar can stigmatise dialect speakers.",
        "Learners rely on accurate explanations."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Learners",
        "Dialect speakers"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody: part of the grammar of the Germanic languages.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q3481903: strong inflection",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3481903",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Strong inflection",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_inflection",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What strong inflection is.",
        "rationale": "Grammar.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "verbs",
            "name": "Verbs",
            "description": "Strong verbs.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "verbs-finding",
                "name": "Verbs",
                "description": "Verbs.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are strong verbs, how do the vowel alternation classes work, and how do they differ from weak verbs?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which language is meant?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "adjectives",
            "name": "Adjectives",
            "description": "Strong adjectives.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "adjectives-finding",
                "name": "Adjectives",
                "description": "Adjectives.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is strong adjective inflection, and how does it interact with articles in German and other languages?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits German grammar?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "Learning and forming.",
        "rationale": "Practice.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "recognise",
            "name": "Recognise",
            "description": "Recognising forms.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "recognise-finding",
                "name": "Recognise",
                "description": "Recognition.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is this verb strong or weak, and what are its principal parts?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific language?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "learners",
            "name": "Learners",
            "description": "For learners.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "learners-finding",
                "name": "Learners",
                "description": "Learners.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can strong forms be learned efficiently in German, Dutch, Scandinavian languages or English?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits language learning?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "history",
        "name": "History",
        "description": "Historical linguistics.",
        "rationale": "Scholarship.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "origins",
            "name": "Origins",
            "description": "Origins in ablaut.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "origins-finding",
                "name": "Origins",
                "description": "Origins.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did strong inflection arise from Proto-Indo-European ablaut and develop in Proto-Germanic?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which findings are contested?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "change",
            "name": "Change",
            "description": "Change over time.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "change-finding",
                "name": "Change",
                "description": "Change.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How have strong verbs become weak over time, and what does research say about the process?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits language change?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "teach",
        "name": "Teach",
        "description": "Teaching.",
        "rationale": "Education.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "teach",
            "name": "Teach",
            "description": "Teaching.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "teach-finding",
                "name": "Teach",
                "description": "Teaching.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can strong inflection be taught?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which misconceptions arise?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "resources",
            "name": "Resources",
            "description": "Resources.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "resources-finding",
                "name": "Resources",
                "description": "Resources.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which grammars and lists of strong verbs are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should strong verbs and strong adjectives be separate entries?",
    "How should grammar references be linked?",
    "How should historical linguistics resources be linked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}