{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T23:16:04Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 4,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T12:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:43:04+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q350604",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.armed-conflict",
    "name": "armed conflict",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.4",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "ACT.ACT"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q350604/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.armed-conflict",
    "name": "armed conflict",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain armed conflict, relay legal classifications, thresholds, protections and data sources from international humanitarian law and conflict research, present contested concepts and specific classifications with attribution, point civilians affected by conflict to humanitarian organisations, and distinguish armed conflict from war as a political term, riots and internal disturbances, terrorism as a tactic and military exercises, without operational guidance.",
    "definition": "A situation of organised armed violence between states, or between a state and organised armed groups, or between such groups, which international humanitarian law classifies as international armed conflicts, governed by the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Additional Protocol I, or non-international armed conflicts, also called internal armed conflicts, governed by Common Article 3 and Additional Protocol II, with thresholds of intensity and organisation set out in case law such as the ICTY Tadic decision of 1995; the registry aliases also include border conflicts, and analytical concepts such as second- and fourth-generation warfare, which some scholars dispute, and last stand, a battlefield situation. Data programmes such as the Uppsala Conflict Data Program track conflicts, and classifications of specific conflicts are attributed.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Classifying organised armed violence in law and research.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain legal classifications",
      "relay protections under humanitarian law",
      "present contested concepts with attribution",
      "point to humanitarian help"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Organised parties",
      "Intensity threshold",
      "Humanitarian law applies",
      "International or non-international"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not a single appearance; seen in fighting, displacement and destruction.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Organised armed violence under law",
      "Border conflict, internal armed conflict, non-international armed conflict, fourth-generation warfare, last stand, second-generation warfare",
      "War is a broader political term; riots and disturbances fall below thresholds; terrorism is a tactic; exercises are training"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "Geneva Conventions",
        "typical_range": "1949",
        "unit": "year",
        "note": "four conventions"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "Additional Protocols I and II",
        "typical_range": "1977",
        "unit": "year",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "quantity": "UCDP threshold",
        "typical_range": "25 battle-related deaths in a year",
        "unit": "note",
        "note": "for inclusion"
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "international armed conflicts",
      "non-international armed conflicts",
      "internationalised internal conflicts",
      "border conflicts",
      "occupations"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "warfare and armed conflicts",
        "why": "in registry terms"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is governed by",
        "target": "international humanitarian law",
        "why": ""
      },
      {
        "relation": "includes",
        "target": "non-international armed conflict",
        "why": ""
      },
      {
        "relation": "is contrasted with",
        "target": "riot",
        "why": ""
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols",
      "Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court",
      "ICRC customary IHL study"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Partisan classification of specific conflicts",
      "Providing operational military advice",
      "Stale conflict data"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain how international humanitarian law classifies armed conflicts and what rules apply to each kind.",
        "Report on specific conflicts using attributed sources and the classifications of recognized bodies.",
        "Point people in danger to humanitarian organizations and official safety advice."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Provide operational military advice, targeting help or tactics to any party.",
        "Classify a specific conflict in a partisan way or take a side as if it were fact.",
        "Spread propaganda, incitement or unverified casualty claims.",
        "Help anyone evade international humanitarian law or conceal violations."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Publishing reports that attribute war crimes to named people or groups."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Armed conflict kills and displaces civilians; information about it can save or endanger lives.",
        "Classifying a conflict changes the legal protections people receive."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Civilians",
        "Refugees and displaced people",
        "Combatants and prisoners"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "No owner; states and armed groups bear responsibility under international law, and a humanitarian body guards the Geneva Conventions.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q350604: armed conflict",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q350604",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Kinetic warfare",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_warfare",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What armed conflict is.",
        "rationale": "Attribution.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "definition",
            "name": "Definition",
            "description": "Definition.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "definition-finding",
                "name": "Definition",
                "description": "Definition.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is someone in a conflict zone in immediate danger, in which case seek shelter, contact local emergency services, the ICRC or UNHCR where possible?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What is armed conflict, and how does it differ from war as a political term, riots, terrorism and exercises?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "concepts",
            "name": "Concepts",
            "description": "Named concepts.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "concepts-finding",
                "name": "Concepts",
                "description": "Concepts.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are border and internal conflicts, NIACs, generational warfare concepts and last stands?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the specific concept?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "law",
        "name": "Law",
        "description": "Humanitarian law.",
        "rationale": "Regulation.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "classification",
            "name": "Classification",
            "description": "Legal classification.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "classification-finding",
                "name": "Classification",
                "description": "Classification.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do the ICRC and tribunals distinguish international and non-international armed conflicts?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "protections",
            "name": "Protections",
            "description": "Protections.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "protections-finding",
                "name": "Protections",
                "description": "Protections.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What protections do civilians, prisoners and wounded have under humanitarian law?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which sources are cited?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "research",
        "name": "Research",
        "description": "Conflict research.",
        "rationale": "Attribution.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "data",
            "name": "Data",
            "description": "Conflict data.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "data-finding",
                "name": "Data",
                "description": "Data.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do UCDP and ACLED count conflicts and deaths, and how do they differ?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the information current?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "generations",
            "name": "Generations",
            "description": "Generational warfare debate.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "generations-finding",
                "name": "Generations",
                "description": "Generations.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What do proponents and critics say about generations of warfare concepts, with positions attributed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the presentation neutral and attributed?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "context",
        "name": "Context",
        "description": "Humanitarian impact.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "displacement",
            "name": "Displacement",
            "description": "Displacement.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "displacement-finding",
                "name": "Displacement",
                "description": "Displacement.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does armed conflict drive displacement, according to UNHCR?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits forced displacement?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "peace",
            "name": "Peace",
            "description": "Peace processes.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "peace-finding",
                "name": "Peace",
                "description": "Peace.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do ceasefires and peace agreements end conflicts, as research describes?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits peace process?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should generational warfare concepts be moved to military theory entries with critiques?",
    "How should UCDP and ACLED data be linked and kept current?",
    "Should last stand be moved to battle entries?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}