{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T03:25:34Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 3,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T10:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:09:45+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:59+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q36155",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.coptic",
    "name": "Coptic",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.3",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "INF.MED"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q36155/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.coptic",
    "name": "Coptic",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain the Coptic language and its dialects, relay its script, history and literature from linguistic and Egyptological sources, describe its liturgical role, and route to entries for specific dialects and texts.",
    "definition": "The final stage of the Egyptian language, written in an alphabet derived from Greek with additional letters from Demotic, used from about the third century CE, with dialects including Sahidic, Bohairic, Akhmimic, Sub-Akhmimic or Lycopolitan, Mesokemic or Oxyrhynchite, Fayyumic and early forms such as Proto-Sahidic and the Karanis dialect, extinct as a spoken language by around the seventeenth century but surviving as the liturgical language of the Coptic Orthodox Church; Coptic preserves Christian, Gnostic and Manichaean literature and was key to deciphering hieroglyphs.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a language.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain the language and dialects",
      "relay script and history",
      "relay literature and liturgy",
      "route to specific dialects"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Egyptian language stage",
      "Greek-derived alphabet",
      "Dialect diversity",
      "Liturgical survival"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not a visible object; written in the Coptic alphabet.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Final stage of Egyptian in Greek-derived script",
      "Sahidic, Bohairic, Akhmimic, Sub-Akhmimic, Mesokemic, Fayyumic; Proto-Sahidic and Karanis dialect",
      "Demotic is the preceding stage; Coptic Christians are the community; Egyptian Arabic is the modern vernacular"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "earliest texts",
        "typical_range": "about 3rd century CE",
        "unit": "date",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "quantity": "spoken extinction",
        "typical_range": "about 17th century",
        "unit": "date",
        "note": "estimates vary"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "alphabet letters",
        "typical_range": "32",
        "unit": "count",
        "note": "Bohairic"
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "Sahidic, the classical literary dialect",
      "Bohairic, the liturgical dialect",
      "Akhmimic and Sub-Akhmimic or Lycopolitan",
      "Mesokemic or Oxyrhynchite",
      "Fayyumic",
      "early and local forms such as Proto-Sahidic, Proto-Lycopolitan and the Karanis dialect",
      "Old Coptic"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "Egyptian",
        "why": "in registry terms, as its final stage"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is written in",
        "target": "Coptic alphabet",
        "why": "derived from Greek and Demotic"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is the liturgical language of",
        "target": "Coptic Orthodox Church",
        "why": "today"
      },
      {
        "relation": "helped decipher",
        "target": "Egyptian hieroglyphs",
        "why": "through Champollion"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "ISO 639-2",
        "value_or_pattern": "cop",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "scheme": "ISO 639-3",
        "value_or_pattern": "cop",
        "note": ""
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Unicode Coptic block",
      "Church liturgical usage",
      "Academic editorial conventions for Coptic texts"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Confusing the language with the Christian community",
      "Treating dialect classification as settled where debated",
      "Overstating modern revival"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Transcribe, translate and explain Coptic texts with stated dialect and uncertainty.",
        "Describe the history and liturgical use of Coptic from reliable sources."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Mock or misuse Coptic liturgical texts and prayers.",
        "Present uncertain readings of manuscripts as settled.",
        "Help trade Coptic manuscripts with unclear or illicit provenance.",
        "Treat Coptic as only a dead language and ignore its living liturgical use."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Publishing translations of sacred texts for use in worship."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Coptic is the liturgical language of a living church whose members deserve respect.",
        "Manuscripts are heritage often lost to looting and illicit trade."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Coptic Christians",
        "Scholars and students"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns a language; the Coptic church keeps its liturgical use.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q36155: Coptic",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36155",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Coptic language",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptic_language",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What Coptic is.",
        "rationale": "Linguistics.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "definition",
            "name": "Definition",
            "description": "Definition and place in Egyptian.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "definition-finding",
                "name": "Definition",
                "description": "Definition.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is Coptic, and how does it relate to earlier stages of Egyptian?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the question about the language, the Coptic Church or a specific dialect?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "dialects",
            "name": "Dialects",
            "description": "Dialects.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "dialects-finding",
                "name": "Dialects",
                "description": "Dialects.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do Sahidic, Bohairic, Akhmimic, Sub-Akhmimic, Mesokemic and Fayyumic differ, and what are the Proto-Sahidic and Karanis forms?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the specific dialect?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "structure",
        "name": "Structure",
        "description": "Script and grammar.",
        "rationale": "Linguistics.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "script",
            "name": "Script",
            "description": "Alphabet.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "script-finding",
                "name": "Script",
                "description": "Script.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does the Coptic alphabet combine Greek letters with Demotic signs, and how is it encoded?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "grammar",
            "name": "Grammar",
            "description": "Grammar.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "grammar-finding",
                "name": "Grammar",
                "description": "Grammar.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the main features of Coptic phonology, morphology and syntax?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits Coptic grammar?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "texts",
        "name": "Texts",
        "description": "Literature and liturgy.",
        "rationale": "Sources.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "literature",
            "name": "Literature",
            "description": "Literature.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "literature-finding",
                "name": "Literature",
                "description": "Literature.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What Christian, Gnostic and Manichaean texts survive in Coptic, such as the Nag Hammadi library?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which sources are cited?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "liturgy",
            "name": "Liturgy",
            "description": "Liturgy and revival.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "liturgy-finding",
                "name": "Liturgy",
                "description": "Liturgy.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is Coptic used in the Coptic Orthodox liturgy, and what revival efforts exist?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits Coptic Orthodox Church?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "context",
        "name": "Context",
        "description": "History and scholarship.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did Coptic emerge, flourish and decline under Arabic, as historians describe?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the history of the Egyptian language?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "decipherment",
            "name": "Decipherment",
            "description": "Decipherment.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "decipherment-finding",
                "name": "Decipherment",
                "description": "Decipherment.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did Coptic help Champollion decipher hieroglyphs?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should Sahidic and Bohairic be separate primary entries?",
    "How should Coptological references be linked?",
    "The registry entry has merged aliases naming dialects; should they be split off?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}