{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T04:26:34Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 1,
    "engine": "claude"
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q36534",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.chemical-reaction",
    "name": "chemical reaction",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.1",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "ACT.PRC"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q36534/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.chemical-reaction",
    "name": "chemical reaction",
    "purpose": "Let an agent reason about a reaction through its equation, conditions, rate, energy and hazards, and never give instructions that make a dangerous reaction easier to perform.",
    "definition": "A process in which substances, the reactants, are transformed into different substances, the products, by breaking and forming chemical bonds, while elements are conserved.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Making new substances, releasing or storing energy, and explaining change in matter.",
    "affordances": [
      "write and balance its equation",
      "control it, through temperature, pressure, concentration and catalysts",
      "measure its rate, yield and energy change",
      "scale it up, which changes the hazards"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "New substances form, unlike physical changes such as melting",
      "Atoms are conserved; nuclear reactions are a different category",
      "Described by a balanced equation with stoichiometry",
      "Rate and equilibrium are separate questions"
    ],
    "appearance": "Signs include colour change, gas bubbles, a precipitate, heat or light, or a change in smell; many reactions show no visible sign.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "A new substance appears, seen as a precipitate, gas or colour change",
      "Temperature changes without heating or cooling from outside",
      "Visible signs are not conclusive; analysis confirms the products"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "enthalpy of reaction",
        "typical_range": "-several thousand to +several hundred",
        "unit": "kJ/mol",
        "note": "negative is exothermic"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "activation energy",
        "typical_range": "10-300",
        "unit": "kJ/mol",
        "note": "governs how rate depends on temperature"
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "by mechanism: synthesis, decomposition, substitution, redox, acid-base, precipitation, combustion",
      "by energy: exothermic, endothermic",
      "by phase: homogeneous, heterogeneous",
      "by catalysis: catalysed, enzymatic, uncatalysed"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "transforms",
        "target": "chemical substance",
        "why": "reactants and products are substance models"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is described by",
        "target": "chemical equation",
        "why": "the balanced equation is its formal record"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is controlled by",
        "target": "catalyst",
        "why": "catalysts change rate without being consumed"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is confused with",
        "target": "physical change",
        "why": "no new substance forms in a physical change"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "Rhea ID",
        "value_or_pattern": "numeric",
        "note": "curated biochemical reactions"
      },
      {
        "scheme": "RInChI",
        "value_or_pattern": "reaction InChI string",
        "note": "standard reaction identifier"
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "IUPAC recommendations on nomenclature and kinetics",
      "Process safety regulations such as Seveso III in the EU and OSHA PSM in the US",
      "GHS labelling for the substances involved"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Runaway exothermic reactions, which cause fires and explosions",
      "Toxic or flammable products and by-products",
      "Incompatible reactants mixed by mistake",
      "Scale-up that changes heat removal and hazards"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q36534: chemical reaction",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36534",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Chemical reaction",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reaction",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "equation-and-stoichiometry",
        "name": "Equation and stoichiometry",
        "description": "What reacts and what forms.",
        "rationale": "The balanced equation is the minimum record of a reaction.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "equation",
            "name": "Equation",
            "description": "Reactants and products.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "equation-finding",
                "name": "Balanced equation",
                "description": "The balanced equation and states.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the balanced equation, with states of matter?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which side products or by-products form?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "yield",
            "name": "Yield",
            "description": "Theoretical and actual yield.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "yield-finding",
                "name": "Yield data",
                "description": "The yield obtained and expected.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the theoretical and actual yield?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What limits the yield?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "conditions-and-kinetics",
        "name": "Conditions and kinetics",
        "description": "How fast and under what conditions.",
        "rationale": "Conditions and rate decide whether a reaction is useful or dangerous.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "conditions",
            "name": "Conditions",
            "description": "Temperature, pressure, solvent and catalyst.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "conditions-finding",
                "name": "Reaction conditions",
                "description": "The conditions used.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Under what conditions does the reaction proceed?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What catalyst, if any, is involved?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "rate",
            "name": "Rate",
            "description": "Rate law and activation energy.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "rate-finding",
                "name": "Kinetic data",
                "description": "The rate law and parameters.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the rate law, and how was it determined?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How does the rate change with temperature?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "energy-and-equilibrium",
        "name": "Energy and equilibrium",
        "description": "Heat and extent.",
        "rationale": "Energy change is both a resource and the main hazard.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "energy",
            "name": "Energy change",
            "description": "Enthalpy and heat release.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "energy-finding",
                "name": "Thermochemistry",
                "description": "The enthalpy change and heat release rate.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is the enthalpy change?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How fast is heat released, and can it be removed?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "equilibrium",
            "name": "Equilibrium",
            "description": "Extent and reversibility.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "equilibrium-finding",
                "name": "Equilibrium data",
                "description": "The equilibrium constant and position.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is the reaction reversible, and what is its equilibrium constant?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How can the equilibrium be shifted?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "safety",
        "name": "Safety",
        "description": "Hazards and limits.",
        "rationale": "Reaction hazards come from energy, products and incompatibility; the model must carry them and refuse unsafe help.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "hazards",
            "name": "Hazards",
            "description": "Runaway, toxic products and incompatibility.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "hazards-finding",
                "name": "Hazard assessment",
                "description": "The hazards and their controls.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which hazards does this reaction present?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What controls are required at this scale?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "limits",
            "name": "Limits on assistance",
            "description": "What an agent must not help with.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "limits-finding",
                "name": "Assistance limits",
                "description": "Requests that must be declined.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Would giving procedural detail here make harm easier?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What safe, general information can be given instead?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should reaction classes and specific reactions be separate entries?",
    "How should reaction hazards be represented so agents decline unsafe requests consistently?",
    "Which identifier should be preferred for reactions?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}