{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T00:04:30Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:50:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:44:55+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:59+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q37930",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.postage-stamp",
    "name": "postage stamp",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "INF.MED"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q37930/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.postage-stamp",
    "name": "postage stamp",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain postage stamps and their kinds, support collecting and identifying stamps with catalogues, describe stamp production and postal use, and present contested stamp issues neutrally.",
    "definition": "A small piece of paper, usually adhesive, issued by a postal authority and affixed to mail to show payment of postage, in forms such as definitive and commemorative stamps, with related philatelic items such as maximum cards and plated varieties; postage stamps have been issued since 1840, are collected and studied in philately, catalogued with values, and occasionally carry designs that are politically contested.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Proof of postage and collectible items.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain kinds of stamp",
      "support collecting and identification",
      "describe production and use",
      "present contested issues neutrally"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Postal payment",
      "Denomination",
      "Collectible",
      "Catalogued"
    ],
    "appearance": "A small printed paper label with perforations and a face value.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Issued by a postal authority",
      "Denominated and adhesive",
      "Revenue and Cinderella stamps serve other purposes"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "definitive stamps",
      "commemorative stamps",
      "airmail and special service stamps",
      "philatelic items such as maximum cards",
      "errors and varieties"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "print",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "adhesive stamp",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "motif",
        "why": "stamp designs"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "heritage site",
        "why": "a common stamp subject"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Universal Postal Union rules on stamp issues",
      "National postal regulations",
      "Philatelic cataloguing conventions"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Forgeries",
      "Misidentification of varieties",
      "Partisan presentation of contested designs"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Identify stamps by issuing authority, date, design and catalogued variety.",
        "Describe the condition and postal history of a stamp in a collection it is asked to catalogue."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Sell, describe or certify a forged or repaired stamp as genuine.",
        "Reproduce stamps in a way that could pass as valid postage.",
        "Overstate rarity or value to influence a sale.",
        "Present contested territorial or political imagery on stamps from one side only."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Authenticating a valuable stamp or signing an expert certificate.",
        "Buying or selling stamps on someone's behalf."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Forgery cheats collectors and defrauds postal services.",
        "Stamps carry state symbols and claims that some communities contest."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Collectors and buyers",
        "Postal authorities",
        "Heirs of collections"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The postal authority that issues it; once used or sold, the person who holds it.",
      "master_systems": [
        "Postal authority issue records"
      ]
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q37930: postage stamp",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37930",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Postage stamp",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postage_stamp",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What stamps are.",
        "rationale": "Definitions.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "kinds",
            "name": "Kinds",
            "description": "Kinds of stamp.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "kinds-finding",
                "name": "Kinds",
                "description": "Kinds.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do definitive, commemorative and special stamps differ, and what are maximum cards and plated varieties?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific issue?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "production",
            "name": "Production",
            "description": "Design and printing.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "production-finding",
                "name": "Production",
                "description": "Production.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are stamps designed, printed and perforated, and what security features do they carry?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits printing?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "collect",
        "name": "Collect",
        "description": "Philately.",
        "rationale": "Practice.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "identify",
            "name": "Identify",
            "description": "Identifying a stamp.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "identify-finding",
                "name": "Identify",
                "description": "Identification.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can this stamp be identified and valued using catalogues, watermarks and perforation measurements?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How are forgeries detected?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "care",
            "name": "Care",
            "description": "Storing and handling.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "care-finding",
                "name": "Care",
                "description": "Care.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How should stamps be stored, handled and mounted to preserve them?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which philatelic societies exist?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "use",
        "name": "Use",
        "description": "Stamps and post.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "postal",
            "name": "Postal",
            "description": "Postal use.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "postal-finding",
                "name": "Postal",
                "description": "Postal use.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are stamps used and validated in postal systems today, and how are they changing with digital postage?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits postal services?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "contested",
            "name": "Contested",
            "description": "Contested designs.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "contested-finding",
                "name": "Contested",
                "description": "Contested.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which stamp issues have been politically contested, such as those depicting disputed territories, and what are the attributed positions?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the presentation neutral?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "History and teaching.",
        "rationale": "Education.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History of stamps.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did postage stamps develop from the Penny Black onward?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "teach",
            "name": "Teach",
            "description": "Teaching with stamps.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "teach-finding",
                "name": "Teach",
                "description": "Teaching.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can stamps be used to teach history, geography and design?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which misconceptions arise?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should each issuing authority be a separate entry?",
    "How should catalogues be linked?",
    "How should contested issues be attributed?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}