{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T10:13:39Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 25.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0951a-9d86-70c1-8a2a-aa0b37037392\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: helium atom\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 043: 1001 reg", "usd": 0.0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 75.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0951a-9d75-7e02-a38b-b2bed7c468af\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: helium atom\nRegistry id: vr.tr.helium-atom\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\n" } }, "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T12:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T08:51:51+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "failure_modes_and_hazards", "owners" ] }, "revisions": [ { "at": "2026-10-08T18:49:12+00:00", "engine": "codex", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "definition", "distinguishing_features", "in_scope", "out_of_scope", "owners", "purpose", "scope_statement" ], "answering_review": "dc3407d252829eda586bc63d7d91c858b6c27e79f1419b5641de252a4ef7ff54" } ], "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-08T18:54:39+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q3877353", "registryId": "vr.tr.helium-atom", "name": "helium atom", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q3877353/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.helium-atom", "name": "helium atom", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to assess models of a helium atom, interpret their predictions and identify the assumptions, evidence and uncertainty that limit their use.", "definition": "Modeling of a helium atom is the theoretical or computational representation of a neutral atom with two protons and two electrons to describe or predict its structure, quantum states and interactions under stated assumptions and approximations.", "scope_statement": "This model covers theoretical and computational representations of an individual neutral helium atom, including their physical assumptions, approximations, predicted properties and comparison with evidence, with boundaries to models of ions, nuclei, molecules and bulk helium.", "in_scope": [ "Models represent neutral helium using a nucleus with two protons and two electrons.", "Isotope and nuclear properties are included where relevant to the modeled atomic behaviour.", "Electronic configurations, excitation and ionisation thresholds are subjects of model predictions.", "Models may represent atomic motion, confinement and coupling to external fields.", "Models may describe photon interactions and collisions, with explicit boundaries where atomic identity changes.", "Assumptions, approximations, validation evidence and uncertainty support assessment of model results." ], "out_of_scope": [ "Bulk helium phases, purity grades, pressure vessels and supply specifications are outside scope.", "Helium ions and bare helium nuclei as independently modeled systems are outside scope.", "Helium-containing molecules, dimers and larger clusters are outside scope.", "Nuclear production processes and stellar nucleosynthesis are outside scope.", "Detailed construction and operation of spectroscopy or trapping equipment are outside scope.", "Macroscopic helium hazards and jurisdictional substance classifications are outside scope." ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The referent is a representation of a helium atom rather than the physical atom itself.", "A neutral helium model represents two electrons and a nucleus with two protons, with nuclear detail determined by its assumptions.", "Electron-electron interactions distinguish the model from a one-electron atomic model.", "Isotope choice and treatment of nuclear motion can affect predicted properties.", "Predictions must be interpreted within the model's approximations and stated range of validity.", "Excitation and ionisation are distinct modeled phenomena, and excitation alone does not establish loss of an electron." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Proton count", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Exactly 2", "why_it_matters": "Establishes helium identity independently of isotope or excitation." }, { "name": "Bound electron count", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "2 for the neutral atom", "why_it_matters": "Separates the atom from helium ions and marks an ionisation boundary." }, { "name": "Isotope identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Mass number and neutron count; unresolved if not established", "why_it_matters": "Controls isotope-dependent mass, nuclear properties and spectral interpretation." }, { "name": "Atomic mass", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "u or kg, with isotope and internal-state convention", "why_it_matters": "Supports recoil, motion and collision calculations without substituting a bulk isotopic average." }, { "name": "Electronic state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Configuration, term symbol and relevant quantum numbers; unknown or mixed where appropriate", "why_it_matters": "Determines accessible transitions and whether ground-state assumptions apply." }, { "name": "Excitation energy", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "eV or J relative to a stated reference level", "why_it_matters": "Supports energy accounting and discrimination between electronic levels." }, { "name": "Nuclear spin", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Spin quantum number I, conditional on isotope", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether nuclear-spin coupling must enter the atomic-state description." }, { "name": "Remaining ionisation energy", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "eV or J from the specified initial state under specified conditions", "why_it_matters": "Allows an agent to assess whether an interaction can remove an electron." }, { "name": "State lifetime", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "s, with decay channel and environmental conditions", "why_it_matters": "Sets the useful timescale for preparing, observing or manipulating an excited atom." }, { "name": "Motional state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Position and momentum distributions, velocity estimate or trapped motional-state assignment", "why_it_matters": "Supports collision and spectroscopy decisions without assigning a thermodynamic temperature to one atom." }, { "name": "Field and confinement environment", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to electric fields, magnetic fields, radiation fields and trapping potentials", "why_it_matters": "Makes shifts, forces and state assignments interpretable under actual conditions." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a candidate as a neutral helium atom and record unresolved isotope or state assignments.", "Predict or interpret spectral transitions using isotope- and state-specific evidence.", "Evaluate whether a proposed photon or collision can excite, de-excite or ionise the atom.", "Assess whether a specified internal state can be prepared, trapped or detected in a given apparatus.", "Track recoil, motion and state changes across an observed interaction.", "Hand off the resulting entity to an ion, molecule or nuclear model when an interaction crosses the atomic boundary." ], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Describe models of helium atomic structure, isotopes and properties from reliable physics sources.", "Use helium atom modeling as a worked example in teaching quantum mechanics." ], "must_not": [ "Confuse statements about single atoms with properties of bulk helium gas or liquid.", "Present approximate calculations as exact results.", "Invent measurement values or citations." ], "requires_human": [ "Approving results that others will build on in published research." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Accurate basic science underpins trust in teaching and research.", "Helium is a scarce resource used in medicine and research." ], "affected_parties": [ "Students", "Researchers" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "The authors or maintainers steward a particular model and its documentation, while scientific data custodians maintain supporting reference data.", "master_systems": [] }, "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Misstated reference values propagate errors into calculations." ], "what_it_is_for": [ "The helium atom is used in atomic physics to study electron interactions and test approximate solutions of quantum mechanics.", "Models of its energy levels support interpretation of laboratory and astronomical spectra.", "Its isotope and electronic state must be specified when comparing calculations with observations." ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "The periodic table maintained by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry classifies helium as the chemical element with atomic number two." ], "facets_not_applicable": { "recognition": "An individual helium atom has no directly visible identifying appearance, and its identity and state require instrumental observations." } }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q3877353: helium atom", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3877353", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Helium atom", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_atom", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "helium-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Helium identity and boundaries", "description": "Establishes which physical entity is being described and when it ceases to be a neutral helium atom.", "rationale": "Helium atoms, helium ions and alpha particles share nuclear identity but require different models of behaviour.", "layers": [ { "id": "neutral-atomic-identity", "name": "Neutral atomic identity", "description": "Tests elemental identity and bound electron occupancy.", "findings": [ { "id": "two-protons-two-electrons", "name": "Two protons and two bound electrons", "description": "The recognition criterion for the model is a helium nucleus with two bound electrons; the evidence for satisfying it must be recorded.", "questions": [ { "text": "What establishes that the entity has a two-proton nucleus and two bound electrons?", "kind": "definition", "id": "two-protons-two-electrons-q01" }, { "text": "Could the observed signal instead arise from singly ionised helium or a bare helium nucleus?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "two-protons-two-electrons-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "atomic-versus-collective-entity", "name": "Atomic versus collective entity", "description": "Separates one atom from bonded entities and collective helium behaviour.", "findings": [ { "id": "single-atom-description", "name": "Single-atom description", "description": "Atomic properties must be distinguished from properties of a helium sample or an interacting many-body system.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the description concern one atom, an ensemble of atoms or a bound helium-containing entity?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "single-atom-description-q01" }, { "text": "Which observations belong to this atom, and which require a sample or many-body model?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "single-atom-description-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "isotope-and-nuclear-coupling", "name": "Isotope and nuclear coupling", "description": "Records the nucleus-specific distinctions that affect an otherwise neutral helium atom.", "rationale": "Elemental identity alone does not determine atomic mass, nuclear spin or isotope-dependent spectra.", "layers": [ { "id": "isotope-assignment", "name": "Isotope assignment", "description": "Identifies mass number and separates measured isotope identity from assumptions about a source sample.", "findings": [ { "id": "resolved-helium-isotope", "name": "Resolved helium isotope", "description": "An atom has a particular isotope identity even when the available observation leaves that identity unresolved.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which helium isotope is assigned, and what mass or spectroscopic evidence supports that assignment?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "resolved-helium-isotope-q01" }, { "text": "Is the stated mass isotope-specific, or has an ensemble-average atomic weight been substituted?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "resolved-helium-isotope-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "nuclear-influence-on-atomic-state", "name": "Nuclear influence on atomic state", "description": "Determines which nuclear properties must enter the electronic and magnetic description.", "findings": [ { "id": "spin-and-hyperfine-relevance", "name": "Spin and hyperfine relevance", "description": "The required state labels depend on the isotope's nuclear spin and the resolution and field regime of the observation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What nuclear spin is supported for the assigned isotope, and which reference establishes it?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "spin-and-hyperfine-relevance-q01" }, { "text": "Must hyperfine structure or nuclear-spin coupling be resolved to interpret or control this atom?", "kind": "action", "id": "spin-and-hyperfine-relevance-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "two-electron-state-structure", "name": "Two-electron state structure", "description": "Describes electronic occupancy, angular momentum, excitation and state persistence.", "rationale": "Helium's two-electron structure requires state distinctions beyond a single electron orbit or an undifferentiated excited-state label.", "layers": [ { "id": "electronic-level-assignment", "name": "Electronic level assignment", "description": "Records electronic configuration and the quantum labels appropriate to the conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "configuration-and-spin-coupling", "name": "Configuration and spin coupling", "description": "Configuration and term labels distinguish states with different transition behaviour; a configuration label alone may be insufficient.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which configuration, term symbol and angular-momentum labels describe the assigned helium state?", "kind": "definition", "id": "configuration-and-spin-coupling-q01" }, { "text": "Is singlet or triplet character established, and do external fields require a different or mixed-state description?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "configuration-and-spin-coupling-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "excitation-and-persistence", "name": "Excitation and persistence", "description": "Connects level energy and lifetime to the time available for observation or manipulation.", "findings": [ { "id": "excited-state-energy-and-lifetime", "name": "Excited-state energy and lifetime", "description": "Excitation energy and effective lifetime must be tied to a specified level and environment, including any metastable-state assignment.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the level energy relative to the stated reference, with uncertainty and isotope specified?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "excited-state-energy-and-lifetime-q01" }, { "text": "Which radiative or collision-induced processes limit the state's lifetime under the observation conditions?", "kind": "action", "id": "excited-state-energy-and-lifetime-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "motion-fields-and-confinement", "name": "Motion, fields and confinement", "description": "Relates the atom's motion and internal state to its local physical environment.", "rationale": "Atomic spectra and manipulation depend on motion and fields, while bulk pressure and temperature do not directly specify one atom's state.", "layers": [ { "id": "atomic-motion", "name": "Atomic motion", "description": "Records the motional description and its relevance to a particular measurement.", "findings": [ { "id": "velocity-recoil-and-localisation", "name": "Velocity, recoil and localisation", "description": "Motion should be represented with estimates or distributions appropriate to the experiment and its quantum limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "What position, velocity or momentum information is available, and in which reference frame?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "velocity-recoil-and-localisation-q01" }, { "text": "Do Doppler shifts, photon recoil or confinement energies materially affect the intended observation?", "kind": "action", "id": "velocity-recoil-and-localisation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-dependent-environment", "name": "State-dependent environment", "description": "Records the field and potential conditions needed to assess shifts and confinement.", "findings": [ { "id": "field-response-and-trappability", "name": "Field response and trappability", "description": "Whether an atom can be confined or selectively addressed must be assessed for its actual internal state and applied fields.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which electric, magnetic and optical fields act on the atom, with what spatial and temporal variation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "field-response-and-trappability-q01" }, { "text": "Does the proposed trapping or addressing method work for this isotope and electronic state?", "kind": "action", "id": "field-response-and-trappability-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "transitions-collisions-and-detection", "name": "Transitions, collisions and detection", "description": "Connects proposed interactions to observable outcomes and changes of entity type.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish a useful state transition from ionisation, collisional loss or a detection process that consumes the neutral atom.", "layers": [ { "id": "photon-driven-transitions", "name": "Photon-driven transitions", "description": "Assesses optical access to levels and the evidence supplied by spectral observations.", "findings": [ { "id": "transition-access-and-spectral-evidence", "name": "Transition access and spectral evidence", "description": "A spectral assignment requires identified initial and final states and conditions that support the proposed transition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which initial and final helium levels correspond to the proposed absorption or emission signal?", "kind": "definition", "id": "transition-access-and-spectral-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What reference or measurement supports its frequency, transition strength and dependence on polarisation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "transition-access-and-spectral-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "Can the chosen detection interaction leave the atom in a known neutral state?", "kind": "action", "id": "transition-access-and-spectral-evidence-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "collisions-and-identity-changing-events", "name": "Collisions and identity-changing events", "description": "Distinguishes momentum exchange and excitation from processes that leave the model's scope.", "findings": [ { "id": "interaction-outcome-and-handoff", "name": "Interaction outcome and handoff", "description": "Interaction outcomes must identify collision partners, initial states and resulting entities before a state update or model handoff.", "questions": [ { "text": "For the specified partner, collision energy and helium state, which elastic, excitation, quenching or ionisation channels are supported by evidence?", "kind": "action", "id": "interaction-outcome-and-handoff-q01" }, { "text": "Does the outcome remain a neutral helium atom, or require a helium-ion, molecular or nuclear model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "interaction-outcome-and-handoff-q02" }, { "text": "What measured or calculated cross sections support the proposed outcome probabilities under these conditions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "interaction-outcome-and-handoff-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the neutral atom rather than commercial helium, liquid helium or a gas product; bulk phase properties and product regulations are outside that boundary.", "Numerical values are recalled approximations; precision work should check isotope, electronic state and reference conventions.", "Isotope and electronic-state categories overlap: an atom has both an isotope identity and an electronic state." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of helium atom this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Helium-4 atom: two protons and two neutrons", "Helium-3 atom: two protons and one neutron", "Radioactive helium isotopes", "Ground-state helium atom", "Excited helium atom, including metastable states" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of helium atom this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Chemical element symbol", "value_or_pattern": "He", "note": "Identifies helium; isotope and electronic state require additional notation." }, { "scheme": "Atomic number", "value_or_pattern": "Z = 2", "note": "The defining proton count for every helium isotope." }, { "scheme": "Nuclide notation", "value_or_pattern": "³He or ⁴He", "note": "The superscript gives the total number of protons and neutrons." }, { "scheme": "Spectroscopic ionization-stage notation", "value_or_pattern": "He I", "note": "Denotes neutral helium; He II denotes singly ionized helium." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of helium atom this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "A benchmark two-electron system for testing calculations of electron correlation and atomic structure.", "Helium spectral lines identify and characterize helium in laboratory plasmas and astronomical objects.", "Excited helium atoms transfer energy to neon atoms in helium-neon lasers.", "Helium atom scattering probes the structure and dynamics of material surfaces.", "Metastable helium atoms support laser-cooling and ultracold-atom experiments." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of helium atom this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Ground-state first ionization energy", "typical_range": "Approximately 24.59", "unit": "eV" }, { "quantity": "Neutral helium-4 atomic mass", "typical_range": "Approximately 4.00260", "unit": "u" }, { "quantity": "Neutral helium-3 atomic mass", "typical_range": "Approximately 3.01603", "unit": "u" }, { "quantity": "Lowest metastable triplet-state excitation energy above the ground state", "typical_range": "Approximately 19.82", "unit": "eV" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of helium atom this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Collisions and interactions with surfaces can quench metastable helium, limiting excited-state experiments.", "Energetic metastable helium can ionize collision partners through Penning ionization.", "Radioactive helium isotopes undergo nuclear decay; helium-3 and helium-4 are stable.", "Bulk helium can displace oxygen; compressed-gas and cryogenic hazards arise from its storage conditions rather than an isolated atom." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of helium atom this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Helium element", "difference": "The element encompasses all nuclei with two protons; a helium atom is an individual neutral entity." }, { "name": "Helium gas", "difference": "The gas is a macroscopic collection of predominantly separate helium atoms, with pressure, temperature and collective properties." }, { "name": "Singly ionized helium", "difference": "He⁺ has one electron and net positive charge; a neutral helium atom has two electrons." }, { "name": "Alpha particle", "difference": "An alpha particle is a helium-4 nucleus without bound electrons." }, { "name": "Helium dimer", "difference": "A helium dimer contains two helium atoms bound together." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of helium atom this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does an existing Vercy world model already own neutral helium atoms, requiring this registry entry to link to it?", "Should the researched publication cover all helium isotopes or prioritise helium-3 and helium-4 while explicitly deferring radioactive isotopes?", "Which authoritative references will supply isotope-specific masses, nuclear spins, energy levels, transition strengths and uncertainties?", "Which ground, metastable and higher excited states need explicit treatment for the intended agent tasks?", "What environmental and interaction regimes define the publication's validity, particularly where collisions or strong fields undermine an isolated-atom description?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 29 } }