{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T04:27:06Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude", "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T10:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:08:44+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "owners" ] }, "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:59+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q38867", "registryId": "vr.tr.laser", "name": "laser", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q38867/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.laser", "name": "laser", "purpose": "Let an agent explain lasers and how they work, relay types, applications and safety classes from physics and standards sources, describe medical and industrial uses, and note weapon applications without operational detail.", "definition": "A device that emits a coherent, narrow and often intense beam of light through stimulated emission of radiation in a gain medium within an optical cavity, in forms such as gas, solid-state, fibre and semiconductor laser diodes, used in communications, medicine including dental lasers, manufacturing, surveying with airborne laser scanners, entertainment, scientific research and, at a public reference level, in high-energy laser weapons such as the Tactical High Energy Laser; lasers are classified by hazard and regulated for eye safety.", "what_it_is_for": "Producing coherent light for many applications.", "affordances": [ "explain the principle and types", "relay applications", "relay safety classes", "note weapon applications non-operationally" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Coherence", "Narrow beam", "Gain medium and cavity", "Hazard classification" ], "appearance": "A device emitting a narrow beam, from tiny diodes to large installations.", "visual_identification": [ "Coherent light source by stimulated emission", "Gas, solid-state, fibre and diode lasers; dental lasers; airborne laser scanners; laser weapons", "LEDs emit incoherent light; masers work at microwave frequencies" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "first laser", "typical_range": "1960", "unit": "year", "note": "Maiman ruby laser" }, { "quantity": "safety classes", "typical_range": "1 to 4", "unit": "range", "note": "IEC 60825" }, { "quantity": "common laser diode wavelengths", "typical_range": "405-1550", "unit": "nm", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "gas lasers such as helium-neon and carbon dioxide", "solid-state lasers such as ruby and Nd:YAG", "fibre lasers", "semiconductor laser diodes", "dye and free-electron lasers", "medical lasers including dental lasers", "lidar and airborne laser scanners", "high-energy laser weapons such as the Tactical High Energy Laser" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "light source", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "optical component", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "works by", "target": "stimulated emission", "why": "in a gain medium" }, { "relation": "is classified by", "target": "IEC 60825", "why": "for safety" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "IEC", "value_or_pattern": "60825", "note": "safety of laser products" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "IEC 60825 and ANSI Z136 laser safety", "Medical device regulation for medical and dental lasers", "Laser pointer restrictions and aviation laws", "Arms control frameworks for laser weapons including the Protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Eye and skin injury", "Laser attacks on aircraft", "Agents providing operational detail on weapons", "Fire risk from high-power lasers" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Explain laser principles and types in general terms from physics sources.", "Operate lasers it is authorized to control within their safety class and the site's rules.", "Relay laser safety classes and warnings for a stated device." ], "must_not": [ "Point a laser at aircraft, vehicles, people's eyes or animals.", "Provide operational detail for using lasers as weapons.", "Remove or defeat interlocks and beam guards.", "Operate a high-power laser near flammable materials without fire controls." ], "requires_human": [ "Using lasers outdoors or in public spaces, such as light shows." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Laser strikes on pilots endanger everyone on board.", "Eye injuries from lasers are often permanent." ], "affected_parties": [ "People in the beam path", "Pilots and drivers", "Operators" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "The person or organisation that operates it.", "master_systems": [] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q38867: laser", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Laser", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What a laser is.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "principle", "name": "Principle", "description": "Principle.", "findings": [ { "id": "principle-finding", "name": "Principle", "description": "Principle.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do stimulated emission, population inversion and the optical cavity produce a laser beam?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about lasers in general, a specific type, or weapons at an operational level the model does not cover?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "types", "name": "Types", "description": "Types.", "findings": [ { "id": "types-finding", "name": "Types", "description": "Types.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do gas, solid-state, fibre and diode lasers differ in medium, wavelength and power?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific type?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "apply", "name": "Apply", "description": "Applications.", "rationale": "Application.", "layers": [ { "id": "industry", "name": "Industry", "description": "Industry and communications.", "findings": [ { "id": "industry-finding", "name": "Industry", "description": "Industry.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are lasers used in cutting, welding, optical fibre communications and data storage?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "medicine", "name": "Medicine", "description": "Medicine and surveying.", "findings": [ { "id": "medicine-finding", "name": "Medicine", "description": "Medicine.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are lasers used in surgery, dentistry, dermatology and airborne laser scanning?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific application?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "safety", "name": "Safety", "description": "Safety.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "classes", "name": "Classes", "description": "Safety classes.", "findings": [ { "id": "classes-finding", "name": "Classes", "description": "Classes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do laser safety classes 1 to 4 mean, and what protections are required?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rules", "name": "Rules", "description": "Rules.", "findings": [ { "id": "rules-finding", "name": "Rules", "description": "Rules.", "questions": [ { "text": "What laws govern laser pointers, aviation and medical devices?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits laser safety?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "History and weapons.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did lasers develop from Einstein theory and the maser to Maiman and modern lasers?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of the laser?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "weapons", "name": "Weapons", "description": "Laser weapons.", "findings": [ { "id": "weapons-finding", "name": "Weapons", "description": "Weapons.", "questions": [ { "text": "What laser weapon programmes such as the Tactical High Energy Laser exist, and how are they regulated, at a public reference level?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the question seeking operational detail the model does not provide?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should laser diode and lidar be separate primary entries?", "How should safety standards be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming products and weapons; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }