{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-10-21T20:52:34Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "researched by Claude against the sources listed below", "pass": 2, "wave": 5, "engine": "claude", "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-21T21:00:48+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "7 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q39558", "registryId": "vr.tr.gasoline", "name": "gasoline", "version": "0.2.0-wave.5", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q39558/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.gasoline", "name": "gasoline", "purpose": "Let an agent describe gasoline grades, specifications, safety and regulation, and point to fuel standards and safety data, without endorsing brands.", "definition": "A volatile liquid fuel, a mixture mainly of hydrocarbons of roughly C4-C12, usually refined from petroleum but also producible from biomass, used mainly in spark-ignition engines; specified by octane rating, volatility and composition, and often blended with ethanol or other oxygenates.", "what_it_is_for": "Fuel for cars, motorcycles, small engines and piston aircraft (avgas).", "affordances": [ "explain octane ratings and grades", "explain fuel standards and ethanol blends", "point to safety data and handling rules", "explain environmental regulation" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Octane indicates knock resistance, not energy content.", "Octane labels differ: Europe uses RON, the US and Canada show the average of RON and MON.", "Avgas for piston aircraft differs from motor gasoline and may contain lead." ], "appearance": "A clear, colourless to pale yellow liquid, sometimes dyed, with a characteristic odour.", "visual_identification": [ "Labelled pumps with grade (such as E10, 95, 98, regular, premium)" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "density", "typical_range": "about 0.72-0.775", "unit": "kg/L", "note": "at 15 C, EN 228" }, { "quantity": "flash point", "typical_range": "below -40", "unit": "degrees C", "note": "extremely flammable" }, { "quantity": "research octane number", "typical_range": "about 91-100", "unit": "", "note": "common grades; US pumps show (R+M)/2" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "regular and premium unleaded", "low ethanol blends (E5, E10, E15)", "reformulated gasoline", "biogasoline", "aviation gasoline (avgas, leaded or unleaded)", "leaded road gasoline (phased out globally by 2021)" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "liquid fuel", "why": "fuel; petroleum product when refined from crude" }, { "relation": "is used in", "target": "spark-ignition engine", "why": "application" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "E85 flex fuel", "why": "ethanol-dominant, ASTM D5798" }, { "relation": "is blended with", "target": "ethanol", "why": "oxygenate" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "UN number", "value_or_pattern": "UN 1203", "note": "gasoline / motor spirit for transport" }, { "scheme": "CAS", "value_or_pattern": "86290-81-5", "note": "gasoline" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "EN 228 automotive fuels - unleaded petrol (CEN)", "ASTM D4814 spark-ignition engine fuel (US)", "ASTM D910 leaded and D7547 unleaded aviation gasoline", "EU Fuel Quality Directive 98/70/EC", "GHS classification and formulation-specific SDS" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Fire and explosion", "Benzene exposure (carcinogen)", "Aspiration injury if swallowed, vapour effects and skin irritation", "Air pollution and CO2 emissions", "Misfuelling" ], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "explain grades, standards and safety" ], "must_not": [ "give instructions for making incendiary devices", "advise unsafe storage or siphoning" ], "requires_human": [] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "climate impact", "public health" ], "affected_parties": [ "drivers", "fuel workers", "the public" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "nobody as a product category; fuels belong to suppliers and must meet national standards", "master_systems": [ "fuel quality monitoring systems" ] }, "facets_not_applicable": {}, "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [ { "id": "SRC-001", "title": "Q39558", "publisher": "Wikidata", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39558", "what_it_supports": "identity of the registry item, labels and sitelinks", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "SRC-002", "title": "Gasoline", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline", "what_it_supports": "general description of the subject", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "SRC-003", "title": "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Gasoline", "publisher": "CDC, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health", "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0299.html", "what_it_supports": "Hydrocarbon mixture, appearance, density, flash point, transport identifier and health hazards.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "SRC-004", "title": "Renewable Gasoline", "publisher": "U.S. Department of Energy, Alternative Fuels Data Center", "url": "https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/emerging-hydrocarbon", "what_it_supports": "Biomass-derived gasoline and the correction to petroleum-only scope.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "SRC-005", "title": "E85 (Flex Fuel)", "publisher": "U.S. Department of Energy, Alternative Fuels Data Center", "url": "https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/ethanol-e85", "what_it_supports": "E85 composition, seasonal variation and flex-fuel vehicle compatibility.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "SRC-006", "title": "D4814: Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel", "publisher": "ASTM International", "url": "https://store.astm.org/standards/d4814", "what_it_supports": "Automotive gasoline specification, oxygenate blends and exclusion of oxygenate-dominant fuels.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "SRC-007", "title": "AC 20-24D: Approval of Propulsion Fuels, Additives, and Lubricating Oils", "publisher": "Federal Aviation Administration", "url": "https://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Advisory_Circular/AC_20-24D.pdf", "what_it_supports": "Aviation gasoline specifications, ASTM issuing body and fuel approval distinctions.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "SRC-008", "title": "Era of leaded petrol over, eliminating a major threat to human and planetary health", "publisher": "United Nations Environment Programme", "url": "https://www.unep.org/en/news-and-stories/press-release/era-leaded-petrol-over-eliminating-major-threat-human-and-planetary", "what_it_supports": "Global road-petrol phase-out and July 2021 endpoint.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "grade", "name": "Grade", "description": "Which gasoline.", "rationale": "Grades differ in octane and blend.", "layers": [ { "id": "grade", "name": "Grade", "description": "Octane and label.", "findings": [ { "id": "grade", "name": "Grade", "description": "Octane and labelling system.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which grade is it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the octane RON or (R+M)/2?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "blend", "name": "Blend", "description": "Ethanol and additives.", "findings": [ { "id": "blend", "name": "Blend", "description": "Ethanol content.", "questions": [ { "text": "How much ethanol does it contain?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Is it compatible with the vehicle?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification", "description": "Standards.", "rationale": "Standards set limits.", "layers": [ { "id": "standard", "name": "Standard", "description": "EN 228, ASTM D4814.", "findings": [ { "id": "standard", "name": "Standard", "description": "Standard and edition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which standard does it meet?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which edition?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties", "name": "Properties", "description": "Volatility and composition.", "findings": [ { "id": "properties", "name": "Properties", "description": "Batch, volume at reference temperature, sampling date, test results, contamination, oxidation stability and phase separation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are its vapour pressure and composition limits?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "For which season?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "safety", "name": "Safety", "description": "Hazards and handling.", "rationale": "Gasoline is extremely flammable.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazards", "name": "Hazards", "description": "Fire and toxicity.", "findings": [ { "id": "hazard", "name": "Hazard", "description": "Classification.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which hazards apply?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "From which SDS?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling", "name": "Handling", "description": "Storage and transport.", "findings": [ { "id": "handling-rule", "name": "Handling rule", "description": "Rule and source.", "questions": [ { "text": "How must it be stored and transported?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Under which rules?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "environment", "name": "Environment", "description": "Emissions and policy.", "rationale": "Regulation reduces harm.", "layers": [ { "id": "emissions", "name": "Emissions", "description": "Pollutants and CO2.", "findings": [ { "id": "emissions", "name": "Emissions", "description": "Values and source.", "questions": [ { "text": "What emissions does it produce?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Per which standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "policy", "name": "Policy", "description": "Regulation and phase-outs.", "findings": [ { "id": "policy", "name": "Policy", "description": "Rule and date.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which policies affect its use?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "From when?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "The registry merges grades and avgas; should avgas be a separate entry?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }