{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T21:11:33Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 4,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-06T11:00:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:35:34+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:59+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q4025884",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.concrete-number",
    "name": "concrete number",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.4",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "XCT.QLT"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q4025884/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.concrete-number",
    "name": "concrete number",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain concrete numbers, relay the distinction from abstract numbers in mathematics education and philosophy from mathematics sources, describe the named number-based concepts and flag them as misfiled, and distinguish concrete numbers from quantities with units, cardinal numbers, collective nouns and the named things themselves.",
    "definition": "A number used together with a named unit or collection of objects, such as three apples or five kilograms, as opposed to an abstract number, and in the registry a class grouping named sets of a specific count; its aliases, however, name things defined by a number rather than numbers themselves, such as tricameral and pentacameral legislatures with three and five chambers, the Japanese hyakushu uta, a sequence of one hundred poems, medical triads of three clinical signs, and terms for groups of nineteen and twenty, enneadecad and icosad, which are better linked to their own subjects.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Counting and measuring specific things.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain the concept",
      "relay the abstract versus concrete distinction",
      "describe named number-based concepts",
      "flag misfiled aliases"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Tied to units or objects",
      "Educational concept",
      "Contrasts with abstract numbers",
      "Aliases are misfiled"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not a visible object; expressions such as three books.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Number attached to a unit or collection",
      "Tricameral legislature, pentacameral legislature, hyakushu uta, medical triad, enneadecad, icosad",
      "Quantities combine numbers and units; cardinals are abstract sizes; collective nouns name groups; legislatures and poems are things"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "example",
        "typical_range": "3 apples",
        "unit": "note",
        "note": ""
      },
      {
        "quantity": "hyakushu",
        "typical_range": "one hundred poems",
        "unit": "note",
        "note": "as in Hyakunin Isshu"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "registry parent",
        "typical_range": "physical quantity",
        "unit": "note",
        "note": ""
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "counts of objects",
      "measurements with units",
      "number-named groups such as triads",
      "number-based institutional forms such as tricameralism"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "physical quantity",
        "why": "in registry terms"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is contrasted with",
        "target": "abstract number",
        "why": ""
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "cardinal number",
        "why": ""
      },
      {
        "relation": "is contrasted with",
        "target": "tricameralism",
        "why": "misfiled alias"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "ISO 80000-1 on quantities and units"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Treating named groups as numbers",
      "Confusing counts and measurements",
      "Misfiled aliases"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Distinguish concrete numbers, tied to units or objects, from abstract numbers in teaching and data.",
        "Check that quantities in a calculation carry their units consistently."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Drop the unit from a concrete number in a way that changes its meaning.",
        "Add or compare concrete numbers with different units without conversion.",
        "Present a count of people or items more precisely than the source supports."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Publishing counts that drive decisions on resources for people."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Counts of people and goods guide policy; careless numbers mislead."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Students",
        "Users of statistics"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns the concept.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q4025884: concrete number",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4025884",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Concrete number",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_number",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What a concrete number is.",
        "rationale": "Definition.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "definition",
            "name": "Definition",
            "description": "Definition.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "definition-finding",
                "name": "Definition",
                "description": "Definition.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is a concrete number, and how does it differ from quantities, cardinal numbers, collective nouns and named things?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the question about maths teaching, measurement or one of the named concepts?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "named",
            "name": "Named",
            "description": "Named concepts.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "named-finding",
                "name": "Named",
                "description": "Named.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are tricameral and pentacameral legislatures, hyakushu uta, medical triads, enneadecads and icosads?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits the specific concept?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "maths",
        "name": "Mathematics",
        "description": "Mathematics.",
        "rationale": "Sources.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "abstract",
            "name": "Abstract",
            "description": "Abstract versus concrete.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "abstract-finding",
                "name": "Abstract",
                "description": "Abstract.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How have mathematicians and educators distinguished abstract and concrete numbers?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "units",
            "name": "Units",
            "description": "Quantities and units.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "units-finding",
                "name": "Units",
                "description": "Units.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How does ISO 80000 define quantities as number times unit?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which sources are cited?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "things",
        "name": "Things",
        "description": "Number-named things.",
        "rationale": "Application.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "legislatures",
            "name": "Legislatures",
            "description": "Multi-chamber legislatures.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "legislatures-finding",
                "name": "Legislatures",
                "description": "Legislatures.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What were tricameral and pentacameral legislatures, such as South Africa s 1984 tricameral parliament?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits Tricameral Parliament?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "triads",
            "name": "Triads",
            "description": "Medical triads.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "triads-finding",
                "name": "Triads",
                "description": "Triads.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are medical triads such as Beck s triad?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits Beck s triad?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "context",
        "name": "Context",
        "description": "Culture.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "poetry",
            "name": "Poetry",
            "description": "Hyakushu.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "poetry-finding",
                "name": "Poetry",
                "description": "Poetry.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What is a hyakushu poem sequence in Japanese literature?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits Hyakunin Isshu?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "teaching",
            "name": "Teaching",
            "description": "Teaching counting.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "teaching-finding",
                "name": "Teaching",
                "description": "Teaching.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How do children move from concrete to abstract number concepts?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits number sense?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "The registry aliases naming legislatures, poem sequences and triads should be moved to their own entries",
    "How should mathematics education sources be linked?",
    "Should concrete number be merged with quantity entries?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}