{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-10-06T10:43:26Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 41, "engine": "claude", "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-09T07:30:02+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q408451", "registryId": "vr.tr.dh-16", "name": "DH.16", "version": "0.2.0-wave.41", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q408451/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.dh-16", "name": "DH.16", "purpose": "Let an agent identify the DH.16 as an aircraft type, relay its origin, design and service history from aviation references, and keep it apart from other de Havilland and Airco designs with similar names.", "definition": "The Airco DH.16 is a British single-engine biplane airliner of 1919, developed from the DH.9A day bomber with an enclosed cabin for a small number of passengers and a separate open cockpit for the pilot, and used by early commercial airlines in the years after the First World War.", "what_it_is_for": "Carrying a few fare-paying passengers on early commercial air routes.", "affordances": [ "identify the type and its designer", "relay its derivation from the DH.9A", "summarise its airline service", "distinguish it from neighbouring DH designations" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Enclosed passenger cabin, unlike the DH.9A bomber it came from", "Pilot placed in the open, unlike later fully enclosed airliners", "A small production run, unlike the bomber types of the era", "DH.16 is a type designation, not the de Havilland company or a single airframe" ], "appearance": "A wooden single-engine biplane with a deep fuselage containing an enclosed passenger cabin with windows, and a separate open cockpit for the pilot.", "visual_identification": [ "Single-engine two-bay biplane of the late 1910s", "Enclosed passenger cabin with side windows plus a separate open pilot's cockpit", "Wing and tail layout closely resembling the DH.9A" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "kind", "typical_range": "biplane airliner", "unit": "note", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "first flight", "typical_range": "1919", "unit": "note", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "origin", "typical_range": "United Kingdom", "unit": "note", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "production airliners", "variants with different engines" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "airliner", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "biplane", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "Airco DH.9A", "why": "its bomber ancestor" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "Airco DH.18", "why": "a later Airco airliner" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q408451", "note": "registry item" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Early civil aircraft registration under the United Kingdom's aviation authority of the period" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Several airframes were lost in accidents, as was common for airliners of the period", "Confusing type, variant and individual airframe histories", "Mixing up Airco and later de Havilland company designations" ], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Relay the history of the type and cite the aviation reference used.", "Help identify the type in historic photographs from described features." ], "must_not": [ "Invent production numbers, registrations or performance figures.", "Attribute an accident to the wrong airframe or operator.", "Present the type as airworthy or current." ], "requires_human": [ "Authenticating a surviving artefact or archive item." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Accident histories involve real victims and must be stated accurately.", "Historical records should credit designers and operators correctly." ], "affected_parties": [ "Families of those involved in accidents", "Aviation historians", "Museums and archives" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "The original manufacturer as designer; today no operator, with historians and archives as keepers of the record.", "master_systems": [ "Historic civil aircraft registers", "Aviation museum and archive collections" ] }, "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q408451: DH.16", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408451", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Airco DH.16", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airco_DH.16", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "type-identity", "name": "Type identity", "description": "Which aircraft this is.", "rationale": "Airco and de Havilland numbers are easily confused.", "layers": [ { "id": "designation", "name": "Designation", "description": "Name and maker.", "findings": [ { "id": "designation-finding", "name": "Designation", "description": "Name and maker.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who designed and built the DH.16, and when did it first fly?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How does the Airco designation relate to later de Havilland numbering?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "lineage", "name": "Lineage", "description": "Derivation from the DH.9A.", "findings": [ { "id": "lineage-finding", "name": "Lineage", "description": "Derivation from the DH.9A.", "questions": [ { "text": "What was changed from the DH.9A to make an airliner?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which later Airco or de Havilland airliners followed it?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "design", "name": "Design", "description": "Layout and construction.", "rationale": "The cabin layout is the type's defining feature.", "layers": [ { "id": "cabin", "name": "Cabin", "description": "Passenger accommodation.", "findings": [ { "id": "cabin-finding", "name": "Cabin", "description": "Passenger accommodation.", "questions": [ { "text": "How many passengers did the cabin hold, according to reference sources?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Where was the pilot seated relative to the passengers?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "powerplant", "name": "Powerplant", "description": "Engines fitted.", "findings": [ { "id": "powerplant-finding", "name": "Powerplant", "description": "Engines fitted.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which engines were fitted to which airframes?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which reference gives the engine details?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "service", "name": "Service", "description": "Airline use.", "rationale": "The type matters as an early commercial airliner.", "layers": [ { "id": "operators", "name": "Operators", "description": "Who flew it.", "findings": [ { "id": "operators-finding", "name": "Operators", "description": "Who flew it.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which airlines operated the DH.16 and on which routes?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How many were built, according to reliable sources?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] }, { "id": "fate", "name": "Fate", "description": "Losses and retirement.", "findings": [ { "id": "fate-finding", "name": "Fate", "description": "Losses and retirement.", "questions": [ { "text": "What happened to the airframes, and were any lost in accidents?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Does any example survive?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "records", "name": "Records", "description": "Archives and identification.", "rationale": "Historic aircraft are known through registers and photographs.", "layers": [ { "id": "registrations", "name": "Registrations", "description": "Civil register entries.", "findings": [ { "id": "registrations-finding", "name": "Registrations", "description": "Civil register entries.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which civil registrations were carried by DH.16 airframes?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which register is authoritative for them?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "images", "name": "Images", "description": "Photographic identification.", "findings": [ { "id": "images-finding", "name": "Images", "description": "Photographic identification.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which features settle a DH.16 identification in a photograph?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "How can it be told from a DH.9A conversion?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "How many airframes were built, given that sources differ?", "Should engine variants be separate entries?", "How should individual airframes be linked to the type?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }