{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T05:51:18Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude", "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T10:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:07:26+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "owners" ] }, "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-06T19:51:59+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q42042", "registryId": "vr.tr.shamanism", "name": "shamanism", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q42042/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.shamanism", "name": "shamanism", "purpose": "Let an agent explain shamanism as a scholarly category and its regional forms, relay ethnographic and historical accounts with attribution and respect for the peoples concerned, describe neoshamanism and debates about the term, and distinguish shamanism from other religious specialists and from commercial or appropriative practices.", "definition": "A range of religious practices in which a practitioner, the shaman, is believed to interact with a spirit world through altered states of consciousness, often to heal, divine or guide the community, documented among Siberian, Arctic, Indigenous American, East Asian and other peoples, including shamanism in Japan, in China and historically at the Qing court, and in Europe, and reinterpreted in modern neoshamanism and practices such as ceremonial cacao; the term shaman comes from the Evenki language and its application across cultures is debated by scholars.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a category of religious practice.", "affordances": [ "explain the category", "relay regional forms", "describe neoshamanism and debates", "distinguish related practices" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Altered states", "Spirit mediation", "Community role", "Contested category" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; ritual practice with drums, costume and trance in many traditions.", "visual_identification": [ "Practitioner mediating with a spirit world", "Siberian, Japanese, Chinese including Qing court, European and other shamanisms; neoshamanism; ceremonial cacao", "Priests and monks are other specialists; mediums and healers overlap; commercial workshops may be appropriative" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "origin of the word", "typical_range": "Evenki saman", "unit": "note", "note": "via Russian" }, { "quantity": "Eliade s study", "typical_range": "1951", "unit": "year", "note": "Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "Siberian and Arctic shamanism", "Indigenous American shamanic practices", "East Asian shamanism including Japanese, Korean and Chinese forms and Manchu shamanism at the Qing court", "shamanic elements in European history", "neoshamanism and core shamanism", "contemporary practices such as ceremonial cacao circles" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "religious activity", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is practised by", "target": "shaman", "why": "as specialist" }, { "relation": "was studied by", "target": "Mircea Eliade", "why": "in a foundational but debated work" }, { "relation": "is reinterpreted in", "target": "neoshamanism", "why": "in modern contexts" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Indigenous cultural protection and heritage laws", "Regulations on psychoactive substances used in some practices", "Consumer and health rules for commercial workshops" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Homogenising diverse traditions under one term", "Cultural appropriation and commercialisation", "Disrespect toward practitioners and peoples", "Health risks in unregulated ceremonies" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Describe shamanic traditions of particular peoples with sources from those communities and scholars.", "Distinguish specific traditions instead of treating them as one religion." ], "must_not": [ "Mock or exoticise shamanic practitioners and their communities.", "Sell or promote sacred practices as commercial products without the holders' consent.", "Encourage unsupervised ceremonies involving psychoactive substances or fasting.", "Present practitioners' healing claims as medical treatment." ], "requires_human": [ "Publishing sacred or restricted knowledge of a living community." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Shamanic traditions belong to peoples who have faced persecution and appropriation.", "Unregulated ceremonies have caused harm and deaths among seekers." ], "affected_parties": [ "Indigenous and local communities", "Practitioners", "Participants in ceremonies" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "The communities who hold each tradition.", "master_systems": [] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q42042: shamanism", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42042", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Shamanism", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanism", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What shamanism is.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and debate.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is shamanism, where does the term come from, and why do scholars debate its use across cultures?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about the scholarly category, a specific tradition, neoshamanism or a commercial practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "practice", "name": "Practice", "description": "Practice.", "findings": [ { "id": "practice-finding", "name": "Practice", "description": "Practice.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do shamans do in healing, divination and ritual, as ethnographers and practitioners describe?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the presentation respectful and attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "regions", "name": "Regions", "description": "Regional forms.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "siberia", "name": "Siberia", "description": "Siberia and the Arctic.", "findings": [ { "id": "siberia-finding", "name": "Siberia", "description": "Siberia.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is shamanism practised among Siberian and Arctic peoples, and how did Soviet policy affect it?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "asia", "name": "Asia", "description": "East Asia.", "findings": [ { "id": "asia-finding", "name": "Asia", "description": "Asia.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are shamanic traditions in Japan, Korea and China, including Manchu shamanism at the Qing court?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific tradition?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "modern", "name": "Modern", "description": "Modern developments.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "neoshamanism", "name": "Neoshamanism", "description": "Neoshamanism.", "findings": [ { "id": "neoshamanism-finding", "name": "Neoshamanism", "description": "Neoshamanism.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is neoshamanism, and how do practitioners, Indigenous critics and scholars assess it, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "cacao", "name": "Cacao", "description": "Ceremonial cacao and workshops.", "findings": [ { "id": "cacao-finding", "name": "Cacao", "description": "Cacao.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are ceremonial cacao and similar practices, and what questions of origin and appropriation arise?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Study and history.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "study", "name": "Study", "description": "Scholarship.", "findings": [ { "id": "study-finding", "name": "Study", "description": "Study.", "questions": [ { "text": "How have Eliade, anthropologists and Indigenous scholars shaped the study of shamanism?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits anthropology of religion?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "European history.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "What shamanic elements have historians proposed in European history, with claims attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits European folk religion?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should regional shamanisms and neoshamanism be separate primary entries?", "How should ethnographic sources be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming regional forms and a modern practice; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }