{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-10-21T19:11:20Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "researched by Claude against the sources listed below", "pass": 2, "wave": 5, "engine": "claude", "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-21T19:18:37+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "5 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q4273292", "registryId": "vr.tr.rust-q4273292", "name": "rust", "version": "0.2.0-wave.5", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.PRC" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q4273292/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.rust-q4273292", "name": "rust", "purpose": "Let an agent recognise rust diseases by host, symptoms and pathogen, explain their life cycles, and route control decisions to plant health advisers.", "definition": "Any of the plant diseases caused by rust fungi (order Pucciniales, formerly Uredinales), obligate parasites that form reddish-brown, orange or yellow pustules of spores on leaves and stems; wheat rusts and coffee leaf rust are among the most damaging.", "what_it_is_for": null, "affordances": [ "identify a rust disease from host and symptoms with stated uncertainty", "name the pathogen and its life cycle", "describe general management approaches", "point to plant health authorities and reporting" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Caused by rust fungi of the order Pucciniales.", "Many rusts need two unrelated host plants to complete their life cycle.", "White rust and late blight are caused by oomycetes, not rust fungi, despite their names." ], "appearance": "Powdery pustules of rust-coloured, orange, yellow or black spores on leaves, stems or fruit, often surrounded by yellowing tissue.", "visual_identification": [ "Raised powdery pustules that rub off as coloured dust", "Pustule colour and arrangement differ by rust species", "Spots on the alternate host for heteroecious rusts" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "disease incidence", "typical_range": "0-100", "unit": "% of plants or leaves", "note": "for a stated host population, place, date and method" }, { "quantity": "disease severity", "typical_range": "0-100", "unit": "% of tissue area affected", "note": "by a stated assessment scale" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "wheat stem rust", "wheat leaf rust", "wheat stripe rust", "coffee leaf rust", "soybean rust", "cedar-apple rust", "sunflower rust", "barley leaf rust" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is caused by", "target": "rust fungus", "why": "order Pucciniales" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "plant disease", "why": "fungal disease" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "late blight", "why": "an oomycete disease merged into this entry" }, { "relation": "needs", "target": "alternate host", "why": "for heteroecious rusts, such as barberry for stem rust" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "EPPO code", "value_or_pattern": "per pathogen", "note": "for example codes of the EPPO Global Database" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "International Plant Protection Convention standards (ISPMs) for regulated pests", "National plant health regulations listing quarantine rusts" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Severe crop losses and epidemics, such as new races of wheat stem rust", "Spread of spores by wind over long distances", "Fungicide resistance" ], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "describe symptoms, pathogens and general management", "point to extension services and plant health authorities" ], "must_not": [ "give pesticide doses or mixing instructions", "declare a crop free of a regulated disease", "advise moving infected plant material across borders" ], "requires_human": [ "diagnosis for regulatory or trade purposes", "pesticide application decisions" ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "food security", "livelihoods of farmers" ], "affected_parties": [ "farmers", "consumers" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "nobody; a disease, monitored by plant health authorities", "master_systems": [ "EPPO Global Database", "national plant protection organisation records" ] }, "facets_not_applicable": {}, "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [ { "id": "SRC-001", "title": "Q4273292", "publisher": "Wikidata", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4273292", "what_it_supports": "identity of the registry item, labels and sitelinks", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "SRC-002", "title": "Rust (fungus)", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rust_(fungus)", "what_it_supports": "general description of the subject", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "SRC-003", "title": "What Are Rust Fungi?", "publisher": "Arthur Fungarium, Purdue University", "url": "https://ag.purdue.edu/department/btny/herbaria/arthur/arthur_rust_fungi.html", "what_it_supports": "rust fungi and their life cycles", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "SRC-004", "title": "Puccinia graminis: host plants", "publisher": "EPPO Global Database", "url": "https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/PUCCGR/hosts", "what_it_supports": "wheat stem rust hosts", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "SRC-005", "title": "Soybean rust", "publisher": "University of Minnesota Extension", "url": "https://extension.umn.edu/agriculture/crop-production/soybean/soybean-rust", "what_it_supports": "a major rust disease", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "SRC-006", "title": "Oomycetes", "publisher": "American Phytopathological Society", "url": "https://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/Pages/OomycetesLab.aspx", "what_it_supports": "why white rust and late blight are not rusts", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "disease-identity", "name": "Disease identity", "description": "Which rust it is.", "rationale": "Management depends on the exact pathogen.", "layers": [ { "id": "pathogen", "name": "Pathogen", "description": "Species and race.", "findings": [ { "id": "pathogen-species", "name": "Pathogen species", "description": "Species, form and race.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which rust fungus causes this disease?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is a specific race involved?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "host", "name": "Host", "description": "Crop or plant affected.", "findings": [ { "id": "host-plant", "name": "Host plant", "description": "Host species and variety.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which host and variety is affected?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is there an alternate host nearby?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "symptoms", "name": "Symptoms", "description": "What is seen.", "rationale": "Field recognition starts with symptoms.", "layers": [ { "id": "pustules", "name": "Pustules", "description": "Colour, shape, position.", "findings": [ { "id": "pustule-description", "name": "Pustule description", "description": "Colour and arrangement.", "questions": [ { "text": "What colour and arrangement do the pustules have?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "On which plant parts do they appear?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "look-alikes", "name": "Look-alikes", "description": "Other diseases with rust-like signs.", "findings": [ { "id": "differential", "name": "Differential", "description": "Diseases often confused.", "questions": [ { "text": "Could this be another disease, such as an oomycete?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which test confirms it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle", "name": "Life cycle", "description": "How the fungus spreads.", "rationale": "Life cycle explains control timing.", "layers": [ { "id": "spore-stages", "name": "Spore stages", "description": "Up to five spore types.", "findings": [ { "id": "spore-stages", "name": "Spore stages", "description": "Autoecious or heteroecious; macrocyclic, demicyclic or microcyclic; not every rust has all five spore stages.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which spore stages occur on this host?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Does it need an alternate host?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "spread", "name": "Spread", "description": "Wind and conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "epidemiology", "name": "Epidemiology", "description": "Weather and spread.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which weather favours spread?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "How far can spores travel?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "management", "name": "Management", "description": "Control and monitoring.", "rationale": "Decisions go to advisers.", "layers": [ { "id": "control", "name": "Control", "description": "Resistant varieties, fungicides, sanitation.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-options", "name": "Control options", "description": "Approaches in general terms.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which resistant varieties exist?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Who should advise on fungicide use?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "surveillance", "name": "Surveillance", "description": "Monitoring and reporting.", "findings": [ { "id": "surveillance", "name": "Surveillance", "description": "Reporting and alerts.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this rust a regulated or notifiable pest here?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which agency monitors it?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "The registry merges late blight of potato and white rust, which are oomycete diseases; they need separate entries.", "Should the major wheat rusts have their own entries?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }