{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T05:41:45Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 1,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T16:30:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T13:22:02+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:52:00+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q4421",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.forest",
    "name": "forest",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.1",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "PHY.PLC"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q4421/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.forest",
    "name": "forest",
    "purpose": "Let an agent handle forests by type, extent, ownership, management, protection and threats, with sourced data on cover and change.",
    "definition": "A large area dominated by trees, forming an ecosystem with its soils, plants, animals and fungi, and also a resource managed for timber, recreation and protection.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Forests store carbon, shelter biodiversity, regulate water and provide timber and livelihoods.",
    "affordances": [
      "protect and restore it",
      "manage and harvest it sustainably",
      "visit and use it for recreation",
      "monitor it, by satellite and inventory"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Dominated by trees, defined by cover and area thresholds",
      "Ecosystem and resource at once",
      "Natural, semi-natural and plantation forests differ greatly",
      "Definitions vary between agencies"
    ],
    "appearance": "Dense stands of trees with a canopy, understorey and forest floor; types range from tropical rainforest to boreal and managed plantations; wood pastures are open forms.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Tree canopy cover over a large area",
      "Forest type from dominant species and climate",
      "Satellite imagery shows cover and loss"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [
      {
        "quantity": "world forest area",
        "typical_range": "about 4.06 billion",
        "unit": "hectares",
        "note": "about 31 percent of land, FAO 2020"
      },
      {
        "quantity": "canopy cover threshold",
        "typical_range": "10",
        "unit": "percent",
        "note": "FAO definition, with trees over 5 m on more than 0.5 ha"
      }
    ],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "tropical, temperate and boreal forests",
      "evergreen and deciduous forests",
      "primary and secondary forests",
      "plantations",
      "wood pastures and community forests such as satoyama"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is made of",
        "target": "tree",
        "why": "dominant life form"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is part of",
        "target": "landscape",
        "why": "land cover"
      },
      {
        "relation": "provides",
        "target": "timber and ecosystem services",
        "why": "uses"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is threatened by",
        "target": "fire, clearance, pests",
        "why": "drivers of loss"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [
      {
        "scheme": "protected area id",
        "value_or_pattern": "WDPA id",
        "note": "protected forests"
      },
      {
        "scheme": "certification",
        "value_or_pattern": "FSC or PEFC certificate code",
        "note": "managed forests"
      }
    ],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "EU Deforestation Regulation 2023/1115",
      "National forest laws",
      "FSC and PEFC certification",
      "UN REDD+ framework"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Deforestation and degradation",
      "Wildfires",
      "Inconsistent definitions giving conflicting figures",
      "Illegal logging"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Report a forest's extent, type and protection status from official and survey data.",
        "Monitor and report fire, disease or illegal felling to the forest authority."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Fell, burn or clear forest without lawful authority.",
        "Disturb wildlife or protected habitats.",
        "Make campfires or leave fire risks in fire season.",
        "Help trade illegally logged timber."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Felling, thinning or planting decisions."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Forests hold biodiversity, store carbon and sustain forest peoples.",
        "Deforestation is often irreversible on human timescales."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Forest communities and indigenous peoples",
        "Wildlife",
        "Future generations"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "The landowner or the state; forestry authorities regulate felling.",
      "master_systems": [
        "Forest inventories",
        "Land registry"
      ]
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q4421: forest",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4421",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Forest",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "extent-and-type",
        "name": "Extent and type",
        "description": "What and how much.",
        "rationale": "Type and extent are basic facts.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "type",
            "name": "Type",
            "description": "Biome and composition.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "type-finding",
                "name": "Type",
                "description": "Forest type.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What type of forest is it, and what are its main species?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is it natural or planted?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "extent",
            "name": "Extent",
            "description": "Area and change.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "extent-finding",
                "name": "Extent",
                "description": "Area and trend.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How large is it, according to which definition and source?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is its area growing or shrinking?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "ecology",
        "name": "Ecology",
        "description": "Life and services.",
        "rationale": "Forests are ecosystems first.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "biodiversity",
            "name": "Biodiversity",
            "description": "Species.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "biodiversity-finding",
                "name": "Biodiversity",
                "description": "Species and habitats.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which notable species and habitats does it support?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which are threatened?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "services",
            "name": "Ecosystem services",
            "description": "Carbon and water.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "services-finding",
                "name": "Services",
                "description": "Services provided.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How much carbon does it store?",
                    "kind": "measurement"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What role does it play in water supply?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "management",
        "name": "Management",
        "description": "Ownership and use.",
        "rationale": "Management decides the forest future.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "ownership",
            "name": "Ownership",
            "description": "Who owns it.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "ownership-finding",
                "name": "Ownership",
                "description": "Owner and tenure.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Who owns and manages it?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "What rights do local and indigenous communities hold?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "harvest",
            "name": "Harvest",
            "description": "Timber and certification.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "harvest-finding",
                "name": "Harvest",
                "description": "Harvesting and certification.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is it harvested, and is it certified?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is the timber legal under import rules?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "threats",
        "name": "Threats",
        "description": "Loss and protection.",
        "rationale": "Threats drive protection priorities.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "drivers",
            "name": "Drivers",
            "description": "Clearance, fire, pests.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "drivers-finding",
                "name": "Threats",
                "description": "Threats to the forest.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What threatens this forest?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How is loss monitored?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "protection",
            "name": "Protection",
            "description": "Designations.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "protection-finding",
                "name": "Protection",
                "description": "Protection status.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Is it protected, and how effectively?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How can people help?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should forest types be separate entries?",
    "Which forest definition should the registry adopt?",
    "How should named forests be linked as instances?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}