{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T05:23:20Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude", "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T10:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:05:49+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "owners" ] }, "revisions": [ { "at": "2026-10-06T22:52:29+00:00", "engine": "codex", "fields": [ "definition", "distinguishing_features", "visual_identification" ], "answering_review": "bbc5582daf1155b979cd87e71acac9614f8d115f70f9cd8c2932720ed04debdd" } ], "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-07T10:10:31+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q45382", "registryId": "vr.tr.coup-d-tat", "name": "coup d'état", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q45382/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.coup-d-tat", "name": "coup d'état", "purpose": "Let an agent explain coups d etat and their types, relay research on causes, frequency and consequences from political science sources with attribution, describe international responses, and distinguish coups from revolutions, civil wars, impeachments and elections, without providing guidance for planning or executing one.", "definition": "An illegal and overt attempt by a segment of the military or government elites to forcibly overthrow an incumbent government and seize state power, whether the attempt succeeds or fails. Such an attempt may be bloodless if coercive force meets no violent resistance, and participants may justify it by promising elections. Incumbent self-coups and nonviolent institutional pressure fall outside this sense; coups are studied in political science and condemned by international organisations.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a political event type.", "affordances": [ "explain types", "relay research", "describe international responses", "distinguish related events" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The attempt is overt and illegal.", "A segment of the military or government elites carries it out.", "It uses coercive force to attempt to overthrow an incumbent government.", "Its aim is to seize state power." ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; a seizure of power.", "visual_identification": [ "The defining act is an overt, illegal attempt to forcibly overthrow an incumbent government and seize state power.", "Military coups, bloodless coups and promissory coups fit this sense when they meet those criteria, whether successful or failed.", "Revolutions are mass movements; impeachment is constitutional; civil wars are prolonged conflicts." ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "coups since 1950", "typical_range": "about 500", "unit": "count", "note": "Powell and Thyne data, roughly half successful" }, { "quantity": "recent wave", "typical_range": "2020s", "unit": "period", "note": "Sahel region" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "military coups", "bloodless coups", "self-coups or autogolpes", "attempted and failed coups such as the 1989 Guatemalan attempt", "soft coups and promissory coups", "historical forms such as palace coups and shukun oshikome" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "regime change", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "conflict", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "revolution", "why": "a mass uprising" }, { "relation": "is studied in", "target": "political science", "why": "through coup datasets" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "International condemnation and suspension rules such as the African Union anti-coup norm", "Constitutional provisions against unconstitutional changes of government", "Foreign aid restrictions following coups" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Agents providing operational guidance", "Partisan labelling of contested events", "Confusing coups with revolutions or legal transfers" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Explain coups as a historical and political phenomenon, citing scholarship and documented cases.", "Report factual events about a coup in progress with sources and times." ], "must_not": [ "Help plan, organise, finance or communicate for any seizure of power.", "Spread unverified claims that a coup is happening or has succeeded.", "Expose the identities or locations of people at risk from coup actors.", "Present a coup as legitimate government on its own say-so." ], "requires_human": [ "Deciding how to label a contested transfer of power as a coup or not in a published source." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Coups override citizens' choice and often bring violence and repression.", "Labelling events as a coup is politically charged and must rest on evidence." ], "affected_parties": [ "Citizens of the affected country", "Political opponents and journalists", "Soldiers" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "Nobody owns it; it is an act against the constitutional order of a state.", "master_systems": [] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q45382: coup d'état", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45382", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Coup d'état", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What a coup is.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is a coup d etat, and how does it differ from revolution, civil war, impeachment and election?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about understanding coups, or about planning or executing one, which the model does not cover?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "types", "name": "Types", "description": "Types.", "findings": [ { "id": "types-finding", "name": "Types", "description": "Types.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do military, bloodless, self, attempted, soft and promissory coups differ, and what was shukun oshikome?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific type or event?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "research", "name": "Research", "description": "Research.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "causes", "name": "Causes", "description": "Causes.", "findings": [ { "id": "causes-finding", "name": "Causes", "description": "Causes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does research say about the causes of coups and coup-proofing, with findings attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequences", "name": "Consequences", "description": "Consequences.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequences-finding", "name": "Consequences", "description": "Consequences.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the consequences of coups for democracy, economies and human rights, as studies report?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "response", "name": "Response", "description": "Responses.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "international", "name": "International", "description": "International responses.", "findings": [ { "id": "international-finding", "name": "International", "description": "International.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do the UN, African Union and other bodies respond to coups, and what debates exist, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "law", "name": "Law", "description": "Law.", "findings": [ { "id": "law-finding", "name": "Law", "description": "Law.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do constitutions and international law treat unconstitutional changes of government?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits unconstitutional change of government?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "History and cases.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How have coups shaped 20th and 21st-century history, with cases attributed to historians?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific coup?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "culture", "name": "Culture", "description": "Culture.", "findings": [ { "id": "culture-finding", "name": "Culture", "description": "Culture.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are coups portrayed in literature and film?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits political fiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should self-coup and military coup be separate primary entries?", "How should political science sources be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming a specific attempt and a Japanese historical practice; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }