{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T22:25:28Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:50:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:50:03+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:52:00+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q454996",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.s-scale",
    "name": "S scale",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "XCT.REL"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q454996/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.s-scale",
    "name": "S scale",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain S scale and its standards, compare it with other model railway scales, support modellers in finding equipment and standards, and describe its history.",
    "definition": "A model railway scale of 1:64, in which standard gauge track is 22.42 millimetres wide, developed in the 1930s and popularised by American Flyer trains, with narrow gauge variants such as Sn3 and Sn3 and a half representing narrower prototypes; S scale sits between HO and O scales and is supported by manufacturers, societies and standards bodies.",
    "what_it_is_for": "A model railway scale.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain the scale and gauge",
      "compare with other scales",
      "support finding equipment and standards",
      "describe history"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "1:64 ratio",
      "Standard gauge 22.42 mm",
      "Narrow gauge variants",
      "Standards bodies"
    ],
    "appearance": "Model trains at 1:64 on 22.42 millimetre gauge track.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "1:64 scale",
      "Between HO and O",
      "HO is 1:87 and O is around 1:48 or 1:45"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "S standard gauge",
      "Sn3 and Sn3 and a half narrow gauge",
      "American Flyer compatible models",
      "scale and hi-rail variants"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "rail transport modelling scale",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "electric locomotive",
        "why": "prototypes modelled"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "monorail",
        "why": "other rail prototypes"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "dimension",
        "why": "scale ratios"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "NMRA and other modelling standards for S scale",
      "Electrical safety for model power supplies"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Mixing incompatible standards such as hi-rail and scale wheels",
      "Limited product availability",
      "Confusing S with other scales"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Explain S scale, its ratio and gauge variants.",
        "Help modellers check track and models against the scale's standards."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Mislabel models as S scale when they are not.",
        "Confuse S scale with HO or O scale in sales or advice.",
        "Leave small parts or live track where young children can reach them.",
        "Copy manufacturers' designs without permission."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Purchases or trades on someone's behalf."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Model railway hobbies bring communities together across ages.",
        "Honest labelling protects buyers."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "Modellers",
        "Children",
        "Buyers"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns the scale; modelling societies and standards bodies maintain it.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q454996: S scale",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q454996",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: S scale",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_scale",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What S scale is.",
        "rationale": "Definitions.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "scale",
            "name": "Scale",
            "description": "Scale and gauge.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "scale-finding",
                "name": "Scale",
                "description": "Scale.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "What are the ratio and track gauge of S scale, and what are Sn3 and Sn3 and a half?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How does it compare with HO, OO and O scales?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "standards",
            "name": "Standards",
            "description": "Standards.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "standards-finding",
                "name": "Standards",
                "description": "Standards.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which standards bodies define S scale wheel, track and coupler standards?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How do hi-rail and scale standards differ?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "model",
        "name": "Model",
        "description": "Modelling in S.",
        "rationale": "Practice.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "equipment",
            "name": "Equipment",
            "description": "Finding equipment.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "equipment-finding",
                "name": "Equipment",
                "description": "Equipment.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which manufacturers and suppliers produce S scale models and track, and which societies support modellers?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is American Flyer equipment compatible?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "build",
            "name": "Build",
            "description": "Building a layout.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "build-finding",
                "name": "Build",
                "description": "Building.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can an S scale layout be planned, including space, radii and control?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which conversions from other scales are possible?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "history",
        "name": "History",
        "description": "History of S scale.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "origins",
            "name": "Origins",
            "description": "Origins.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "origins-finding",
                "name": "Origins",
                "description": "Origins.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did S scale originate, and what role did American Flyer play?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How has its popularity changed?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "collect",
            "name": "Collect",
            "description": "Collecting.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "collect-finding",
                "name": "Collect",
                "description": "Collecting.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are vintage S scale trains valued and restored?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific manufacturer?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "Community and teaching.",
        "rationale": "Education.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "community",
            "name": "Community",
            "description": "Societies and events.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "community-finding",
                "name": "Community",
                "description": "Community.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which S scale societies, shows and publications exist?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How can newcomers get started?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "teach",
            "name": "Teach",
            "description": "Teaching with models.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "teach-finding",
                "name": "Teach",
                "description": "Teaching.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can model railways teach scale, engineering and history?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which misconceptions arise about scales?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should narrow gauge variants be separate entries?",
    "How should standards documents be linked?",
    "How should societies be linked?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}