{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:11:26Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.0128061, "turns": 1, "seconds": 156.3, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 77.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b8c-9900-72c2-9850-b4537e64a12c\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: sewing machine\nRegistry id: vr.tr.sewing-machine\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (no" } }, "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T11:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T08:04:21+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "failure_modes_and_hazards", "owners", "standards_and_regulation", "visual_identification" ] }, "revisions": [ { "at": "2026-10-07T11:34:58+00:00", "engine": "codex", "fields": [ "definition" ], "answering_review": "1e31bea1a87bb6004a9dd5b23583899ecabd328ce5591dcc4500ef12ca18dd18" } ], "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-07T12:16:33+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q49013", "registryId": "vr.tr.sewing-machine", "name": "sewing machine", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q49013/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.sewing-machine", "name": "sewing machine", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a sewing machine, assess its readiness for a specified sewing task, and determine which setup, operation or maintenance actions are supported.", "definition": "A sewing machine is a machine that forms stitches in fabric or other sheet material using a needle and coordinated thread-handling mechanisms, including interlocking needle and bobbin or shuttle threads for lockstitches and interlooping a thread with itself or with other threads for chainstitches, so that pieces can be joined, bound, or finished at a controlled stitch length and tension without the operator completing each stitch by hand.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the individual sewing machine, its stitch-forming and material-feeding mechanisms, installed configuration, operating condition and task-dependent capabilities, with references to compatible materials, consumables, attachments and instructions.", "in_scope": [ "Machine identity, intended sewing role and supported stitch-forming mechanisms", "Installed needle, thread path, hook or looper, presser foot and feed configuration", "Compatibility with the proposed material assembly and sewing operation", "Drive, controls, operating limits and protective arrangements", "Readiness, stitch-quality evidence, faults and maintenance needs" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Garment, textile product or pattern design", "Fabric and thread manufacture, composition and inventory beyond compatibility references", "Standalone needles, presser feet and other accessories as independently managed products", "Production-line scheduling, operator qualifications and workshop management", "Separate cutting, pressing and finishing equipment" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Has a mechanism that coordinates needle movement with thread handling to form repeated stitches in material; piercing alone does not establish that it is a sewing machine.", "Controls relative movement between material and stitch-forming components through a feed mechanism, moving frame or operator-guided arrangement; an ordinary handheld needle lacks this coordinated machine mechanism.", "Forms thread stitches rather than relying solely on adhesive, heat or ultrasonic bonding to join material.", "A cutting attachment does not make it merely a cutter: determine whether it also forms stitches, as in an overedge sewing configuration.", "An embroidery function does not by itself establish a separate kind of thing: record whether the machine supports embroidery only, general sewing or both, and leave registry placement explicit." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Machine identity", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Manufacturer, model, variant and serial identifier where available, linked to supporting records", "why_it_matters": "Determines which instructions, parts and operating limits apply to this individual machine." }, { "name": "Sewing role", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "General sewing, overedge sewing, coverstitching, embroidery, specialised operation, combination or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a task assignment based only on the generic name sewing machine." }, { "name": "Stitch-forming system", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Documented stitch families and needle, bobbin, hook or looper arrangement; unknown where unverified", "why_it_matters": "Controls threading requirements and which stitch structures can actually be produced." }, { "name": "Installed needle configuration", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Needle system, size designation, point type, count, orientation and spacing where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Needle compatibility and installation affect material damage, missed stitches and mechanical interference." }, { "name": "Installed thread configuration", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Thread specification and routing for each active needle, bobbin or looper position", "why_it_matters": "Makes threading completeness and task compatibility assessable." }, { "name": "Material-feed arrangement", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Documented feed type, active feed components and any differential-feed or frame-motion configuration", "why_it_matters": "Determines how the material assembly is transported and where slipping or distortion may arise." }, { "name": "Stitch dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Selected and observed stitch length and width in mm where applicable; retain machine-specific setting scales separately", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes a control setting from the stitch geometry actually obtained." }, { "name": "Operating speed", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Stitches/min, with source and distinction between documented maximum, configured limit and observed speed", "why_it_matters": "Supports operation within limits appropriate to the machine configuration and task." }, { "name": "Material clearance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Presser-foot clearance and relevant work-space dimensions in mm, with measurement conditions", "why_it_matters": "Helps assess physical access without treating clearance as proof that the machine can sew the material." }, { "name": "Drive and control configuration", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Manual, treadle, electric or other documented drive; installed pedal, start control and automation options", "why_it_matters": "Establishes how motion begins, is regulated and is stopped." }, { "name": "Task readiness", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unassessed, setup required, ready for specified task, restricted or out of service, with evidence and assessment time", "why_it_matters": "Avoids treating readiness as permanent or independent of the proposed material and operation." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify the machine and retrieve instructions applicable to its exact variant.", "Assess whether a proposed material assembly and stitch requirement fit a supported configuration.", "Guide an authorised operator through documented threading, needle, foot and feed setup.", "Configure supported stitch settings and speed limits for a specified task.", "Request and evaluate a representative test seam before accepting task readiness.", "Stop use, isolate the drive or route the machine for documented maintenance when observed conditions require it." ], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Operate a sewing machine it is authorized to use with guards in place.", "Report faults, broken needles and overdue maintenance." ], "must_not": [ "Run the machine with fingers in the path of the needle or with guards removed.", "Leave a powered machine running unattended or where children can reach it.", "Push garment workers to unsafe speeds or hours.", "Misrepresent the origin or labour conditions of sewn goods." ], "requires_human": [ "Changing piece-rate targets or line speeds for machinists." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Garment work is low paid and often unsafe; machine pace sets workers' lives.", "Home sewing supports livelihoods and craft traditions." ], "affected_parties": [ "Machinists and garment workers", "Children at home", "Buyers of sewn goods" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "The person or employer who owns it.", "master_systems": [] }, "visual_identification": [ "A machine with a needle bar and presser foot above a flat bed.", "A spool of thread on top and a bobbin below the needle plate.", "A handwheel and a foot pedal or motor." ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Needle punctures through fingers.", "Broken needles sending fragments towards eyes.", "Electric shock from damaged cords.", "Repetitive strain and back pain in long shifts." ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "IEC 60335-2-28, Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Particular requirements for sewing machines, International Electrotechnical Commission." ], "what_it_is_for": [ "Sewing machines are used in homes, tailoring workshops and manufacturing settings to join or finish fabric and other suitable sheet materials.", "They support tasks such as making garments, repairing seams and attaching textile components.", "The appropriate machine configuration depends on the material, stitch type and intended seam." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "iec-60335-2-28", "title": "IEC 60335-2-28, Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 2-28: Particular requirements for sewing machines", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Household electrical-safety requirements that treat the sewing machine as a distinct appliance class." }, { "id": "iso-10821-1", "title": "ISO 10821-1, Industrial sewing machines - Safety requirements for sewing machines, units and systems - Part 1", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Industrial machine safety (guards, controls, unintended start, entanglement) issued by ISO." }, { "id": "iso-4915", "title": "ISO 4915, Textiles - Stitch types - Classification and terminology", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "The stitch-type codes (301 lockstitch, 401 chainstitch, 504/514 overlock, 516 safety stitch, etc.) used to specify what a given machine actually produces." }, { "id": "wco-hs-8452", "title": "Harmonized System heading 8452, Sewing machines, other than book-sewing machines of heading 84.40", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Customs identity of the article and its split from book-sewing machinery; household type is 8452.10." }, { "id": "cooper-smithsonian", "title": "The Invention of the Sewing Machine, Grace Rogers Cooper, Smithsonian Institution Press", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Historical mechanism (eye-pointed needle, under-thread interlock) and the distinction from hand sewing and earlier failed machines." }, { "id": "wikipedia-sewing-machine", "title": "Sewing machine, Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewing_machine", "what_it_supports": "Common kinds, domestic vs industrial practice, and the serger/overlocker naming split.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q49013: sewing machine", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49013", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "sewing-identity-and-capability", "name": "Sewing identity and capability", "description": "Establishes which machine is present and which sewing operations its mechanisms support.", "rationale": "Similar-looking machines can require different consumables and produce different stitch structures.", "layers": [ { "id": "machine-identification", "name": "Machine identification", "description": "Connects observed identifiers and construction to applicable machine documentation.", "findings": [ { "id": "identified-machine-variant", "name": "Identified machine variant", "description": "Record the evidence for manufacturer, model and variant, including uncertainty caused by missing plates or modifications.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which markings, records or construction details identify this machine and its variant?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identified-machine-variant-q01" }, { "text": "Which manual or parts reference matches the observed machine, and what supports that match?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identified-machine-variant-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stitch-and-operation-boundaries", "name": "Stitch and operation boundaries", "description": "Separates verified sewing capability from appearance, marketing labels and optional functions.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-stitch-formation", "name": "Supported stitch formation", "description": "Record supported stitch structures and the mechanisms or installed options required to produce them.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which stitch structures can this machine produce, and which needle, hook, bobbin or looper arrangements produce them?", "kind": "definition", "id": "supported-stitch-formation-q01" }, { "text": "Which advertised operations require attachments or configurations absent from this machine?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-stitch-formation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "needle-and-thread-system", "name": "Needle and thread system", "description": "Describes the installed elements that carry and interlock thread through the material.", "rationale": "Task suitability and reliable stitch formation depend on compatible needles, correctly routed threads and their actual condition.", "layers": [ { "id": "needle-installation", "name": "Needle installation", "description": "Captures needle compatibility, placement and observable condition.", "findings": [ { "id": "needle-fit-and-condition", "name": "Needle fit and condition", "description": "Record each installed needle's specification, seating, orientation and condition against the applicable instructions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which needle system, size and point type are installed, and what establishes compatibility with this machine and material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "needle-fit-and-condition-q01" }, { "text": "Does inspection show correct seating and orientation, or damage that requires replacement before sewing?", "kind": "action", "id": "needle-fit-and-condition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "thread-routing-and-tension", "name": "Thread routing and tension", "description": "Captures active thread paths and the settings that influence stitch balance.", "findings": [ { "id": "complete-thread-paths", "name": "Complete thread paths", "description": "Record thread assignment, routing and tension settings for the selected stitch configuration.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which threads occupy the active needle, bobbin or looper positions, and were their paths checked against the matching threading instructions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "complete-thread-paths-q01" }, { "text": "What tension settings and test-seam observations establish whether the threads are balanced for this material assembly?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "complete-thread-paths-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-handling-and-task-fit", "name": "Material handling and task fit", "description": "Assesses whether the machine can support, transport and stitch the proposed workpiece.", "rationale": "A material fitting beneath the presser foot does not establish that it can be fed or sewn acceptably.", "layers": [ { "id": "workpiece-access", "name": "Workpiece access", "description": "Relates workpiece geometry and material assembly to the machine's usable sewing area.", "findings": [ { "id": "material-assembly-fit", "name": "Material assembly fit", "description": "Record the proposed layer stack, seam transitions and access requirements alongside documented limits and trial evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "What material layers, thickness transitions and workpiece geometry must pass through or around the sewing area?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "material-assembly-fit-q01" }, { "text": "Which requirements are supported by documentation or representative trials, and which remain unverified?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "material-assembly-fit-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "feed-and-presser-configuration", "name": "Feed and presser configuration", "description": "Describes how the installed feed and holding components control material movement.", "findings": [ { "id": "controlled-material-transport", "name": "Controlled material transport", "description": "Record the active feed mechanism, presser attachment and relevant settings in relation to observed material movement.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which feed components, presser foot or frame are installed, and which settings control material transport for this operation?", "kind": "definition", "id": "controlled-material-transport-q01" }, { "text": "Does a representative trial reveal layer shifting, stretching, marking or inconsistent advancement that requires a setup change?", "kind": "action", "id": "controlled-material-transport-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "drive-controls-and-operation", "name": "Drive, controls and operation", "description": "Establishes how the machine is powered, commanded and stopped in its present configuration.", "rationale": "Needle motion, feed motion and any cutting functions must be understood before an agent can recommend operation or intervention.", "layers": [ { "id": "motion-command-and-limits", "name": "Motion command and limits", "description": "Records drive compatibility, command behaviour and applicable speed constraints.", "findings": [ { "id": "verified-motion-controls", "name": "Verified motion controls", "description": "Record installed start, speed, stop and positioning controls, including any automatic restart or programmed-cycle behaviour.", "questions": [ { "text": "What initiates and stops needle motion, and what automatic movement can occur in the selected operating mode?", "kind": "definition", "id": "verified-motion-controls-q01" }, { "text": "Which supply requirements and speed limits apply to the installed drive, machine configuration and proposed task?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "verified-motion-controls-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "intervention-and-protection", "name": "Intervention and protection", "description": "Connects access to needles, cutters and moving mechanisms with documented protective and isolation measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "conditions-for-machine-intervention", "name": "Conditions for machine intervention", "description": "Record required protective arrangements and the machine-specific conditions for threading, clearing jams or changing parts.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which guards or protective devices are required for this configuration, and what is their observed condition?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "conditions-for-machine-intervention-q01" }, { "text": "What documented stopping and isolation procedure applies before threading, changing a needle or accessing a jammed mechanism?", "kind": "action", "id": "conditions-for-machine-intervention-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "stitch-evidence-and-serviceability", "name": "Stitch evidence and serviceability", "description": "Uses observed sewing results and maintenance evidence to determine readiness and permissible next steps.", "rationale": "A machine can run while producing unacceptable stitches or exhibiting faults that limit further use.", "layers": [ { "id": "representative-sewing-result", "name": "Representative sewing result", "description": "Evaluates output using a sample tied to the intended material, stitch and settings.", "findings": [ { "id": "task-specific-stitch-quality", "name": "Task-specific stitch quality", "description": "Record sample conditions, acceptance criteria and observed defects without assuming an unverified cause.", "questions": [ { "text": "What sample, settings and acceptance criteria were used to assess stitch formation on both sides of the material?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "task-specific-stitch-quality-q01" }, { "text": "Were skipped stitches, thread breaks, puckering, irregular spacing or material damage observed, and do they prevent the intended operation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "task-specific-stitch-quality-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "faults-and-maintenance", "name": "Faults and maintenance", "description": "Tracks symptoms, completed care and the boundary between supported operator actions and servicing.", "findings": [ { "id": "serviceability-decision", "name": "Serviceability decision", "description": "Record unresolved symptoms and maintenance evidence sufficient to justify continued use, restriction or service referral.", "questions": [ { "text": "What cleaning, lubrication or servicing is required by the matching instructions, and what evidence records its completion?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "serviceability-decision-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed symptoms permit a documented operator correction, and which require stopping use or specialist assessment?", "kind": "action", "id": "serviceability-decision-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Mechanical domestic lockstitch machines", "Computerized domestic sewing machines (including sewing-embroidery combos)", "Industrial single-needle lockstitch machines (typically flat-bed, clutch or servo driven)", "Overlock machines (sergers)", "Coverstitch / coverhem machines", "Multi-needle embroidery machines", "Long-arm quilting machines", "Specialized industrial units (blindstitch, bartack, buttonhole, post-bed, cylinder-bed, walking-foot / compound-feed)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of sewing machine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q173666", "note": "Item for the sewing machine as a class of artefact." }, { "scheme": "Harmonized System (HS)", "value_or_pattern": "8452", "note": "Sewing machines other than book-sewing machines of heading 8440; furniture, bases, covers, and sewing-machine needles." }, { "scheme": "Harmonized System (HS)", "value_or_pattern": "8452.10", "note": "Sewing machines of the household type." }, { "scheme": "ISO stitch-type code (ISO 4915)", "value_or_pattern": "301, 401, 504, 514, 516, 406, …", "note": "Not a product SKU; the stitch class the machine is built to form. 301 is two-thread lockstitch." }, { "scheme": "Domestic needle system", "value_or_pattern": "130/705 H (flat shank)", "note": "The usual household needle fitting; industrial machines use other systems (e.g. DBx1 / 16x231)." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of sewing machine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "IEC 60335-2-28 (IEC) - household electrical safety for sewing machines, widely adopted as EN 60335-2-28.", "ISO 10821-1 (ISO) - safety requirements for industrial sewing machines, units and systems.", "IEC/EN 60204-31 (IEC / CENELEC) - electrical equipment of machines, particular requirements for sewing machines, units and systems.", "ISO 4915 and ISO 4916 (ISO) - stitch-type and seam-type classification used in apparel specs and machine selection.", "ASTM D6193 (ASTM International) - stitches and seams practice used in North American apparel and sewn-product specs.", "ISO 8239 (ISO) - sewing-needle fitting dimensions and combinations.", "EU Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC - industrial sewing machines placed on the EU market as machinery.", "OSHA 29 CFR 1910.212 (United States) - machine guarding; industrial sewing heads are treated as production machines, not household appliances.", "UL 1594 (UL) - sewing and cutting machines, used in North American product certification of some classes." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of sewing machine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Home garment construction, alteration, mending, and hobby quilting on a free-arm or flat-bed domestic lockstitch machine.", "Apparel factories: lockstitch seaming cells paired with overlock edge-finishing, bartack reinforcement, and buttonhole units.", "Footwear, leather goods, upholstery, and automotive interiors on walking-foot, post-bed, or cylinder-bed industrial machines.", "Sail, tent, awning, and technical-textile shops sewing heavy woven or coated cloth.", "Tailoring and dry-cleaning alteration counters using a domestic or light industrial lockstitch plus a blindstitch hemmer.", "Schools and vocational programmes teaching stitch formation, threading, and tension.", "Treadle or hand-crank machines still used where grid power is unreliable." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of sewing machine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Stitch length", "typical_range": "0-6 domestic; often 0-5 on industrial lockstitch", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Sewing speed", "typical_range": "about 700-1100 domestic; 4000-5500 industrial lockstitch; 6500-8500 overlock", "unit": "stitches/min" }, { "quantity": "Needle metric size (Nm)", "typical_range": "60-120 for common apparel; heavier leather/upholstery above that", "unit": "Nm (needle diameter in hundredths of a millimetre)" }, { "quantity": "Presser-foot lift", "typical_range": "about 6-13 domestic; 8-16 industrial", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Drive power", "typical_range": "about 40-90 domestic; 400-750 industrial servo", "unit": "W" }, { "quantity": "Throat / harp space (needle to body)", "typical_range": "about 140-230 domestic; 450-660 long-arm quilting", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Needle-bar stroke", "typical_range": "about 30-36 domestic; industrial systems vary by class", "unit": "mm" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of sewing machine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Needle strike on the hook or looper when timing is out: broken needle, burred hook, skipped stitches.", "Bobbin-race thread nest (bird's nest) from wrong threading or a dropped bobbin case, stalling the machine.", "Skipped stitches from a bent needle, wrong needle system, or worn hook point.", "Finger puncture and needle-through-nail injuries; broken-needle fragments to the eye.", "Industrial entanglement at the needle bar, take-up, or unguarded belt; crushing under the presser foot.", "Unintended start from a sensitive or stuck treadle, especially on clutch motors.", "Feed-dog or presser marks, puckering, and seam grinning from wrong tension, presser pressure, or stitch length.", "Electrical shock or insulation failure on older wired household machines; factory noise and repetitive-strain injury on high-speed industrial lines." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of sewing machine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "US and Canada say serger; UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand say overlocker for the same overedge machine.", "Domestic computerized multi-stitch machines dominate household sales in Japan, North America and Western Europe; industrial production still runs on lockstitch plus overlock cells.", "Treadle and hand-crank lockstitch machines remain ordinary working tools in parts of South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.", "Volume manufacturing of current machines is concentrated in China and other East Asian OEM plants; historical brand geography (Singer, Pfaff, Necchi, Brother, Juki, Durkopp Adler) still shapes service parts and needle-system habits.", "Vintage 'straight-stitch only' vs zigzag is a collector and repair distinction more than a factory one; zigzag became the household default after mid-20th-century domestic models." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of sewing machine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Overlock / serger", "difference": "Forms the stitch with loopers, usually trims the edge, and has no bobbin; a lockstitch sewing machine uses needle plus bobbin thread and does not inherently cut the seam allowance." }, { "name": "Coverstitch / coverhem machine", "difference": "Makes a double-needle topstitch with a looper chain on the reverse for hems and activewear; it is not a general-purpose lockstitch seamer." }, { "name": "Embroidery machine", "difference": "Moves a hooped work in X-Y (or the head over a fixed hoop) to fill a design; a sewing machine feeds fabric with feed dogs to make a seam." }, { "name": "Knitting machine", "difference": "Builds fabric from yarn loops; it does not pierce existing sheet material with a sewing needle to join pieces." }, { "name": "Book-sewing (bindery) machine", "difference": "Sews signatures through the fold for bookbinding (HS 8440), not apparel or soft-goods seams (HS 8452)." }, { "name": "Sewing awl", "difference": "The operator completes each stitch by hand; there is no under-bed hook, shuttle, or looper forming the interlock." }, { "name": "Needle loom (nonwoven)", "difference": "Barbed needles consolidate a fibre web; they do not form a thread stitch." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of sewing machine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend this entry to include embroidery-only machines, handheld stitchers and specialised industrial sewing heads, or do existing neighbouring entries own any of them?", "Which existing Vercy world model, if any, already owns this concept and should be referenced instead of creating a second model?", "Which authoritative sources should define stitch-family terminology and its mapping to manufacturer-specific stitch names?", "How should material capability be expressed when documentation gives broad fabric categories but no validated limits for layer stacks, seam transitions or thread combinations?", "What evidence and machine-specific instructions are sufficient to distinguish operator adjustments from servicing that requires additional competence or equipment?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }