{ "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T06:11:31Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude", "enrichment": { "pass": 3, "engine": "claude", "producedAt": "2026-10-06T10:00:00Z", "ingestedAt": "2026-10-06T07:10:11+00:00", "fields": [ "agent_conduct", "ethics", "owners" ] }, "gate": { "passed": true, "version": "1.0", "at": "2026-10-06T19:52:00+00:00", "evidence": [ "completeness 1.00", "sense: Wikidata description", "2 live sources", "review by codex: pass" ] } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q4925193", "registryId": "vr.tr.lie", "name": "lie", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q4925193/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.lie", "name": "lie", "purpose": "Let an agent explain lying as a concept and its forms, relay philosophical, psychological and legal perspectives from academic sources with attribution, describe detection and fact-checking in general terms, and distinguish lies from errors, fiction, bullshit in the philosophical sense and misinformation, without helping anyone deceive.", "definition": "A statement made with the intention to deceive, asserting something the speaker believes to be false, distinguished from honest error and studied in philosophy, psychology, linguistics and law, with forms and related phenomena including pathological lying, doublespeak that obscures meaning, cover-ups that conceal wrongdoing, malicious falsehood as a legal wrong, playful deceptions such as April Fools jokes, and public labels such as a fact-checking organisation s lie of the year; the ethics of lying has been debated since antiquity.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a concept.", "affordances": [ "explain the concept and forms", "relay perspectives", "describe fact-checking", "distinguish related concepts" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Intent to deceive", "Belief in falsity", "Ethical debate", "Legal consequences in some forms" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; a deceptive statement.", "visual_identification": [ "Statement intended to deceive", "White lies, pathological lying, doublespeak, cover-ups, malicious falsehood, April Fools jokes, lie of the year", "An error is honest; fiction is not asserted; misinformation may be spread without intent" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "white and social lies", "pathological and compulsive lying", "political lying, doublespeak and cover-ups", "legal wrongs such as malicious falsehood, fraud and perjury", "playful and consensual deceptions such as April Fools jokes", "lies identified by fact-checkers such as the lie of the year" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "false statement", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "proposition", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "error", "why": "an honest mistake" }, { "relation": "is studied in", "target": "ethics", "why": "and psychology" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Laws on fraud, perjury, defamation and malicious falsehood", "Advertising standards", "Fact-checking codes of principles" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Agents helping construct deceptions", "Labelling disagreement as lying", "Confusing lies with errors or fiction" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [], "agent_conduct": { "may": [ "Explain what a lie is and how it differs from error, fiction and bluff, with sources.", "Point out where a claim is false while leaving open whether the speaker meant to deceive." ], "must_not": [ "Help a person construct a deception to defraud or harm someone.", "Call a named person a liar without evidence of intent.", "Label disagreement or honest error as lying.", "State falsehoods itself while presenting them as true." ], "requires_human": [ "Accusing a named person of lying in a published or legal context." ] }, "ethics": { "considerations": [ "Lies damage trust, and false accusations of lying damage reputations.", "Some lies, such as to protect someone from harm, raise genuine moral dilemmas." ], "affected_parties": [ "People deceived", "People falsely accused", "The public" ] }, "owners": { "steward": "Nobody owns the concept; each speaker answers for their own statements.", "master_systems": [] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikidata", "title": "Wikidata item Q4925193: lie", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4925193", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api" }, { "id": "wikipedia-en", "title": "Wikipedia: Lie", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie", "url_status": "live", "what_it_supports": "general description of the item", "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What a lie is.", "rationale": "Definition.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is a lie, and how does it differ from error, fiction, bullshit and misinformation?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about understanding lying, or about constructing a deception, which the model does not assist?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "forms", "name": "Forms", "description": "Forms.", "findings": [ { "id": "forms-finding", "name": "Forms", "description": "Forms.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are white lies, pathological lying, doublespeak, cover-ups, malicious falsehood and playful deceptions?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific form?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "study", "name": "Study", "description": "Perspectives.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "ethics", "name": "Ethics", "description": "Ethics.", "findings": [ { "id": "ethics-finding", "name": "Ethics", "description": "Ethics.", "questions": [ { "text": "How have Augustine, Kant, Bok and others debated the ethics of lying, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "psychology", "name": "Psychology", "description": "Psychology.", "findings": [ { "id": "psychology-finding", "name": "Psychology", "description": "Psychology.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does psychology show about why people lie, how often, and how children develop deception?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "detect", "name": "Detect", "description": "Detection and law.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "detection", "name": "Detection", "description": "Detection.", "findings": [ { "id": "detection-finding", "name": "Detection", "description": "Detection.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does research say about lie detection and polygraphs, with findings attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits polygraph?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "law", "name": "Law", "description": "Law.", "findings": [ { "id": "law-finding", "name": "Law", "description": "Law.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do laws treat fraud, perjury, defamation and malicious falsehood, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the user asking about their own case, which needs a lawyer?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Public life and culture.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "public", "name": "Public", "description": "Public life.", "findings": [ { "id": "public-finding", "name": "Public", "description": "Public.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do fact-checkers assess political claims, and what are labels such as the lie of the year, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "culture", "name": "Culture", "description": "Culture.", "findings": [ { "id": "culture-finding", "name": "Culture", "description": "Culture.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do lies figure in literature, folklore and customs such as April Fools Day?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits April Fools Day?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should pathological lying and doublespeak be separate primary entries?", "How should academic sources be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming a media award and a holiday custom; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }