{
  "vercy": "1.0-draft",
  "publication": {
    "status": "research-draft",
    "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed",
    "publishableCanonical": false,
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T01:09:16Z",
    "providers": [
      "Claude"
    ],
    "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify",
    "pass": 2,
    "wave": 2,
    "engine": "claude",
    "enrichment": {
      "pass": 3,
      "engine": "claude",
      "producedAt": "2026-10-05T23:55:00Z",
      "ingestedAt": "2026-10-05T20:50:48+00:00",
      "fields": [
        "agent_conduct",
        "ethics",
        "owners"
      ]
    },
    "gate": {
      "passed": true,
      "version": "1.0",
      "at": "2026-10-06T19:52:00+00:00",
      "evidence": [
        "completeness 1.00",
        "sense: Wikidata description",
        "2 live sources",
        "review by codex: pass"
      ]
    }
  },
  "metaModel": {
    "id": "THING-Q5062194",
    "registryId": "vr.tr.centrality",
    "name": "centrality",
    "version": "0.2.0-wave.2",
    "entryKind": "thing",
    "family": "Thing Registry",
    "domain": [
      "XCT.QTY"
    ],
    "status": "research-draft"
  },
  "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q5062194/",
  "model": {
    "registry_id": "vr.tr.centrality",
    "name": "centrality",
    "purpose": "Let an agent explain centrality measures and their interpretations, support computing and choosing measures for a network, describe applications, and support learning.",
    "definition": "A family of measures in network analysis that quantify how important or influential a node is within a graph, including degree centrality counting connections, closeness centrality based on distances, betweenness centrality based on shortest paths passing through a node, eigenvector centrality and Katz centrality based on the importance of neighbours, and PageRank; centrality is used in social network analysis, biology, transport, infrastructure and web search.",
    "what_it_is_for": "Measuring node importance in networks.",
    "affordances": [
      "explain measures",
      "support computing and choosing",
      "describe applications",
      "support learning"
    ],
    "distinguishing_features": [
      "Node-level metric",
      "Multiple definitions",
      "Interpretation-dependent",
      "Computable"
    ],
    "appearance": "Not physical; scores on nodes of a graph.",
    "visual_identification": [
      "Node importance in a graph",
      "Degree, closeness, betweenness, eigenvector",
      "Density and clustering describe whole networks"
    ],
    "physical_properties": [],
    "families_and_kinds": [
      "degree centrality",
      "closeness centrality",
      "betweenness centrality",
      "eigenvector, Katz and PageRank centrality",
      "centrality in weighted and directed networks"
    ],
    "related_models": [
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "graph property",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is a kind of",
        "target": "metric",
        "why": "category"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "classification",
        "why": "ranking and classifying nodes"
      },
      {
        "relation": "is related to",
        "target": "control",
        "why": "influence in networks"
      }
    ],
    "identifiers": [],
    "standards_and_regulation": [
      "Mathematical definitions in network science",
      "Software library conventions"
    ],
    "failure_modes_and_hazards": [
      "Choosing a measure that does not match the question",
      "Misinterpreting scores as causal influence",
      "Computational cost on large graphs"
    ],
    "in_scope": [],
    "out_of_scope": [],
    "characteristics": [],
    "agent_conduct": {
      "may": [
        "Compute degree, betweenness, closeness and other centrality measures on networks it is authorized to analyse.",
        "State which centrality measure was used and why, since they rank nodes differently.",
        "Explain the limits of a centrality score as evidence of real influence."
      ],
      "must_not": [
        "Present a centrality score as proof that a person is a leader, organiser or suspect.",
        "Rank people in a social network by centrality and act on them without their knowledge or a lawful basis.",
        "Compute centrality on personal communications data it is not authorized to process.",
        "Hide the choice of measure when it changes who comes out on top."
      ],
      "requires_human": [
        "Using centrality rankings to target people for investigation, sanctions or exclusion."
      ]
    },
    "ethics": {
      "considerations": [
        "Network centrality is used to single out people in surveillance and policing, often on thin evidence.",
        "A central position can reflect circumstance, not responsibility."
      ],
      "affected_parties": [
        "People in analysed networks",
        "Analysts and decision-makers",
        "Communities under surveillance"
      ]
    },
    "owners": {
      "steward": "Nobody owns the concept; the owner of a network dataset answers for each analysis.",
      "master_systems": []
    }
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "title": "Wikidata item Q5062194: centrality",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062194",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "identity and sense of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api"
    },
    {
      "id": "wikipedia-en",
      "title": "Wikipedia: Centrality",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrality",
      "url_status": "live",
      "what_it_supports": "general description of the item",
      "checked_by": "wikidata-api sitelink"
    }
  ],
  "structure": {
    "bundles": [
      {
        "id": "understand",
        "name": "Understand",
        "description": "What centrality is.",
        "rationale": "Network science.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "measures",
            "name": "Measures",
            "description": "Measures and definitions.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "measures-finding",
                "name": "Measures",
                "description": "Measures.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How are degree, closeness, betweenness, eigenvector, Katz and PageRank centrality defined, and what does each capture?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific measure?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "interpret",
            "name": "Interpret",
            "description": "Interpretation.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "interpret-finding",
                "name": "Interpret",
                "description": "Interpretation.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How should centrality scores be interpreted, and why do measures disagree?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Is centrality being confused with causal influence?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "compute",
        "name": "Compute",
        "description": "Computing centrality.",
        "rationale": "Practice.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "choose",
            "name": "Choose",
            "description": "Choosing a measure.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "choose-finding",
                "name": "Choose",
                "description": "Choosing.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "Which centrality measure suits this network and question?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "How are weighted and directed networks handled?",
                    "kind": "definition"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "software",
            "name": "Software",
            "description": "Software and scale.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "software-finding",
                "name": "Software",
                "description": "Software.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is centrality computed with network analysis libraries, and how are large graphs handled?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits network analysis software?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "apply",
        "name": "Apply",
        "description": "Applications.",
        "rationale": "Context.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "social",
            "name": "Social",
            "description": "Social networks.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "social-finding",
                "name": "Social",
                "description": "Social.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is centrality used in social network analysis, epidemiology and organisational studies?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which findings are contested?",
                    "kind": "boundary"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "systems",
            "name": "Systems",
            "description": "Infrastructure and biology.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "systems-finding",
                "name": "Systems",
                "description": "Systems.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How is centrality used in transport, power grids, protein networks and web search?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which entry fits a specific application?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "learn",
        "name": "Learn",
        "description": "History and teaching.",
        "rationale": "Education.",
        "layers": [
          {
            "id": "history",
            "name": "History",
            "description": "History.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "history-finding",
                "name": "History",
                "description": "History.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How did centrality measures develop from Bavelas and Freeman to PageRank?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which references are standard?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "teach",
            "name": "Teach",
            "description": "Teaching.",
            "findings": [
              {
                "id": "teach-finding",
                "name": "Teach",
                "description": "Teaching.",
                "questions": [
                  {
                    "text": "How can centrality be taught with small example networks?",
                    "kind": "action"
                  },
                  {
                    "text": "Which misconceptions arise?",
                    "kind": "provenance"
                  }
                ]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "openQuestions": [
    "Should each measure be a separate entry?",
    "How should software be linked?",
    "How should applications be catalogued?"
  ],
  "statistics": {
    "bundles": 4,
    "layers": 8,
    "findings": 8,
    "questions": 16
  }
}